EcologyVolume 85, Issue 5 p. 1251-1257 Regular Article ASYMMETRIC SPECIALIZATION: A PERVASIVE FEATURE OF PLANT–POLLINATOR INTERACTIONS Diego P. Vázquez, Diego P. Vázquez National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, California 93101-3351 USA E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorMarcelo A. Aizen, Marcelo A. Aizen Laboratorio Ecotono, C.R.U.B., Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, (8400) Bariloche, Río Negro, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this author Diego P. Vázquez, Diego P. Vázquez National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, University of California, 735 State Street, Suite 300, Santa Barbara, California 93101-3351 USA E-mail: [email protected]Search for more papers by this authorMarcelo A. Aizen, Marcelo A. Aizen Laboratorio Ecotono, C.R.U.B., Universidad Nacional del Comahue, Quintral 1250, (8400) Bariloche, Río Negro, ArgentinaSearch for more papers by this author First published: 01 May 2004 https://doi.org/10.1890/03-3112Citations: 271 Corresponding Editor: N. J. Gotelli URL: 〈http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/interactionweb〉 Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract Although specialization in species interactions has usually been equated to reciprocal specialization, asymmetric specialization (i.e., a specialist interacting with a generalist) is also likely. Recent studies have suggested that asymmetric specialization in species interactions could be more common than previously thought. We contrasted patterns of asymmetric specialization observed in 18 plant–pollinator interaction webs with predictions based on null models. We found that asymmetric specialization is common in plant–pollinator interactions, and that its occurrence is more frequent than expected under a simple null model that assumed random interactions among species; furthermore, large assemblages with many pairs of interacting species tend to have more asymmetric interactions than smaller assemblages. A second null model, which incorporated a correlation between species frequency of interaction and degree of specialization observed in most data sets produced patterns that were generally closer to those present in the data. At least three kinds of explanations could account for the observed asymmetric specialization, including random interactions among individuals (rather than species), adaptive consequences of specialization, and artifacts, such as data aggregation and sampling biases. Future studies should be aimed at understanding the relative importance of each of these alternative explanations in generating asymmetric specialization in species interactions. Supporting Information Filename Description https://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.3298088 Research data pertaining to this article is located at figshare.com: Please note: The publisher is not responsible for the content or functionality of any supporting information supplied by the authors. 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