Scores on intelligence tests have been reported to correlate significantly with educational, occupational and health outcomes. Twin and genome wide association studies in adults have revealed that intelligence scores are moderately heritable. We aimed to better understand the relationship between genetic variation and intelligence in the context of the developing brain. Specifically, we questioned if a genetic predictor of intelligence derived from a large GWAS dataset a) loaded on specific factors of cognition (i.e. fluid vs. crystallized) and b) were related to differences in cortical brain morphology measured using MRI scans. To do this we calculated an intelligence polygenic score (IPS) for the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) baseline data, which consists of 11,875 nine- and ten- year old children across the US. We found that the IPS was a highly significant predictor of estimates of both fluid (t=8.7, p=3.0x10−18, 0.8% variance explained) and crystallized (t=17.1, p=2.0x10−64, 3.1% variance explained) cognition. Critically we found greater predictive power for crystallized than fluid (z=5.1, p=3.1x10−7), this result replicated in ancestry stratified analysis: for Europeans (z=4.7, 3.2 x10−8) and non-Europeans (z=2.6, p=9.4x10−3). This indicates a stronger loading of IPS on crystallized cognition. IPS was significantly related to total cortical surface area (t=5.5, p=2.5x10-8, 0.4% variance explained), but not mean thickness (t=2.0, p=0.045) - after Bonferroni correction. These results replicated in the European subsample (area: t=5.4, p=6.3x10-8, mean thickness: t=2.3, p=0.021), but not in the non-European subsample (area: t=2.4, p=0.016, mean thickness: t=-0.41, p=0.68). Vertex-wise analyses within the European group showed that the surface area association is largely global across the cortex. The stronger association of IPS with crystallized compared to fluid measures is consistent with recent results that more culturally dependent measures of cognition are more heritable. These findings in children provide new evidence relevant to the developmental origins of previously observed cognitive loadings and brain morphology patterns associated with polygenic predictors of intelligence.### Competing Interest StatementThe authors have declared no competing interest.