Human Brain MappingVolume 8, Issue 4 p. 272-284 Research ArticleFree to Read High-resolution intersubject averaging and a coordinate system for the cortical surface Bruce Fischl, Bruce Fischl Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MassachusettsSearch for more papers by this authorMartin I. Sereno, Martin I. Sereno Department of Cognitive Science, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorRoger B.H. Tootell, Roger B.H. Tootell Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MassachusettsSearch for more papers by this authorAnders M. Dale, Corresponding Author Anders M. Dale [email protected] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MassachusettsNuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Massachusetts Gen. Hosp./Harvard Med. School, Bldg. 149, 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129.Search for more papers by this author Bruce Fischl, Bruce Fischl Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MassachusettsSearch for more papers by this authorMartin I. Sereno, Martin I. Sereno Department of Cognitive Science, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CaliforniaSearch for more papers by this authorRoger B.H. Tootell, Roger B.H. Tootell Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MassachusettsSearch for more papers by this authorAnders M. Dale, Corresponding Author Anders M. Dale [email protected] Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MassachusettsNuclear Magnetic Resonance Center, Massachusetts Gen. Hosp./Harvard Med. School, Bldg. 149, 13th St., Charlestown, MA 02129.Search for more papers by this author First published: 30 November 1999 https://doi.org/10.1002/(SICI)1097-0193(1999)8:4<272::AID-HBM10>3.0.CO;2-4Citations: 2,103AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat Abstract The neurons of the human cerebral cortex are arranged in a highly folded sheet, with the majority of the cortical surface area buried in folds. Cortical maps are typically arranged with a topography oriented parallel to the cortical surface. Despite this unambiguous sheetlike geometry, the most commonly used coordinate systems for localizing cortical features are based on 3-D stereotaxic coordinates rather than on position relative to the 2-D cortical sheet. In order to address the need for a more natural surface-based coordinate system for the cortex, we have developed a means for generating an average folding pattern across a large number of individual subjects as a function on the unit sphere and of nonrigidly aligning each individual with the average. This establishes a spherical surface-based coordinate system that is adapted to the folding pattern of each individual subject, allowing for much higher localization accuracy of structural and functional features of the human brain. Hum. Brain Mapping 8:272–284, 1999. © 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc. REFERENCES Bucker RL, Goodman J, Burock M, Rotte M, Koutstaal W, Schacter D, Rosen BR, Dale AM. 1988. 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