Associated with a continued global increase in urbanization [1United Nations Population DivisionWorld Urbanization Prospects: The 2007 Revision Population Database. United Nations, New York2008Google Scholar], anthropogenic light pollution is an important problem [2Rich C. Longcore T. Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting. Island Press, Washington, DC2006Google Scholar]. However, our understanding of the ecological consequences of light pollution is limited [2Rich C. Longcore T. Ecological Consequences of Artificial Night Lighting. Island Press, Washington, DC2006Google Scholar, 3Longcore T. Rich C. Ecological light pollution.Front. Ecol. Environ. 2004; 2: 191-198Crossref Scopus (756) Google Scholar, 4Navara K.J. Nelson R.J. The dark side of light at night: Physiological, epidemiological, and ecological consequences.J. Pineal Res. 2007; 43: 215-224Crossref PubMed Scopus (476) Google Scholar]. We investigated effects of artificial night lighting on dawn song in five common forest-breeding songbirds. In four species, males near street lights started singing significantly earlier at dawn than males elsewhere in the forest, and this effect was stronger in naturally earlier-singing species. We compared reproductive behavior of blue tits breeding in edge territories with and without street lights to that of blue tits breeding in central territories over a 7 year period. Under the influence of street lights, females started egg laying on average 1.5 days earlier. Males occupying edge territories with street lights were twice as successful in obtaining extra-pair mates than their close neighbors or than males occupying central forest territories. Artificial night lighting affected both age classes but had a stronger effect on yearling males. Our findings indicate that light pollution has substantial effects on the timing of reproductive behavior and on individual mating patterns. It may have important evolutionary consequences by changing the information embedded in previously reliable quality-indicator traits [5Sexton K. Murphy M.T. Redmond L.J. Dolan A.C. Dawn song of eastern kingbirds: Intrapopulation variability and sociobiological correlates.Behaviour. 2007; 144: 1273-1295Crossref Scopus (32) Google Scholar, 6Poesel A. Kunc H.P. Foerster K. Johnsen A. Kempenaers B. Early birds are sexy: Male age, dawn song and extra-pair paternity in blue tits Cyanistes (formerly Parus) caeruleus.Anim. Behav. 2006; 72: 531-538Crossref Scopus (133) Google Scholar].PaperClip/cms/asset/c274d650-9c79-4fd7-9cf4-9426ac00cdd1/mmc2.mp3Loading ...(mp3, 2.41 MB) Download audio