Tissue microenvironments are characterized not only in terms of chemical composition but also by collective properties such as stiffness, which influences the contractility of a cell, its adherent morphology, and even differentiation [1Discher D.E. Janmey P. Wang Y.L. Tissue cells feel and respond to the stiffness of their substrate.Science. 2005; 310: 1139-1143Crossref PubMed Scopus (4802) Google Scholar, 2Engler A.J. Sen S. Sweeney H.L. Discher D.E. Matrix elasticity directs stem cell lineage specification.Cell. 2006; 126: 677-689Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (10276) Google Scholar, 3Levental K.R. Yu H. Kass L. Lakins J.N. Egeblad M. Erler J.T. Fong S.F.T. Csiszar K. Giaccia A. Weninger W. et al.Matrix crosslinking forces tumor progression by enhancing integrin signaling.Cell. 2009; 139: 891-906Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (2764) Google Scholar, 4Sawada Y. Tamada M. Dubin-Thaler B.J. Cherniavskaya O. Sakai R. Tanaka S. Sheetz M.P. Force sensing by mechanical extension of the Src family kinase substrate p130Cas.Cell. 2006; 127: 1015-1026Abstract Full Text Full Text PDF PubMed Scopus (732) Google Scholar, 5Even-Ram S. Doyle A.D. Conti M.A. Matsumoto K. Adelstein R.S. Yamada K.M. Myosin IIA regulates cell motility and actomyosin-microtubule crosstalk.Nat. Cell Biol. 2007; 9: 299-309Crossref PubMed Scopus (386) Google Scholar, 6Gardel M.L. Schneider I.C. Aratyn-Schaus Y. Waterman C.M. Mechanical integration of actin and adhesion dynamics in cell migration.Annu. Rev. Cell Dev. Biol. 2010; 26: 315-333Crossref PubMed Scopus (646) Google Scholar, 7Dupont S. Morsut L. Aragona M. Enzo E. Giulitti S. Cordenonsi M. Zanconato F. Le Digabel J. Forcato M. Bicciato S. et al.Role of YAP/TAZ in mechanotransduction.Nature. 2011; 474: 179-183Crossref PubMed Scopus (3273) Google Scholar, 8Pelham Jr., R.J. Wang Yl. Cell locomotion and focal adhesions are regulated by substrate flexibility.Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1997; 94: 13661-13665Crossref PubMed Scopus (2449) Google Scholar]. The nucleoskeletal protein lamin-A,C increases with matrix stiffness, confers nuclear mechanical properties, and influences differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), whereas B-type lamins remain relatively constant [9Swift J. Ivanovska I.L. Buxboim A. Harada T. Dingal P.C.D.P. Pinter J. Pajerowski J.D. Spinler K.R. Shin J.-W. Tewari M. et al.Nuclear lamin-A scales with tissue stiffness and enhances matrix-directed differentiation.Science. 2013; 341: 1240104Crossref PubMed Scopus (1200) Google Scholar]. Here we show in single-cell analyses that matrix stiffness couples to myosin-II activity to promote lamin-A,C dephosphorylation at Ser22, which regulates turnover, lamina physical properties, and actomyosin expression. Lamin-A,C phosphorylation is low in interphase versus dividing cells, and its levels rise with states of nuclear rounding in which myosin-II generates little to no tension. Phosphorylated lamin-A,C localizes to nucleoplasm, and phosphorylation is enriched on lamin-A,C fragments and is suppressed by a cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor. Lamin-A,C knockdown in primary MSCs suppresses transcripts predominantly among actomyosin genes, especially in the serum response factor (SRF) pathway. Levels of myosin-IIA thus parallel levels of lamin-A,C, with phosphosite mutants revealing a key role for phosphoregulation. In modeling the system as a parsimonious gene circuit, we show that tension-dependent stabilization of lamin-A,C and myosin-IIA can suitably couple nuclear and cell morphology downstream of matrix mechanics.