The chemogenetic technology, Designer Receptors Exclusively Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADDs), affords reversible and remote control of cellular signaling, neuronal activity and behavior. Although the combination of muscarinic-based DREADDs with clozapine-N-oxide (CNO) has been widely used, the sluggish kinetics, metabolic liabilities, and potential for off-target effects of CNO represent areas for improvement. Here we provide a new agonist deschloroclozapine (DCZ), which displays high affinity and selectivity for muscarinic-based DREADDs. Positron emission tomography revealed that DCZ selectively bound to and occupied DREADDs in both mice and monkeys. Systemic delivery of low doses of DCZ (1 or 3 µg/kg) enhanced neuronal activity via hM3Dq within minutes in mice and monkeys. Intramuscular injection of DCZ (100 µg/kg) reversibly induced behavioral deficits in hM4Di-expressing monkeys. DCZ represents the most potent, selective, metabolically stable and fast-acting DREADD agonist reported with utility in both mice and non-human primates for a variety of applications.