Abstract Cocaine is a behavioral stimulant with substantial abuse potential related to its positively rewarding actions 1,2 . Cocaine inhibits the reuptake inactivation of neurotransmitters such as dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine at high nanomolar to low micromolar concentrations 2 . There is evidence for substantially more potent influences of cocaine. For instance, Calligaro and Eldefrawi reported binding of [ 3 H]cocaine to brain membranes with a dissociation constant of about 16 nM 3 . At 10 nM concentration, cocaine elicits environmental place conditioning in planarians 4 . Furthermore, 1nM cocaine enhances dopamine D2 receptor agonist-mediated signaling 5 . Inhibition of amine reuptake by cocaine is substantially less potent than some of these high affinity actions. Thus, evidence for a specific, high affinity receptor for cocaine that mediates its behavioral actions has been lacking. We now report high affinity binding of cocaine to the membrane-associated brain acid soluble protein-1 (BASP1) with a Kd of 7 nM. Knocking down BASP1 in the striatum inhibits [ 3 H]cocaine binding to striatal synaptosomes. Depletion of BASP1 in the nucleus accumbens diminishes locomotor stimulation, acquisition, and expression of locomotor sensitization to cocaine. Our findings indicate that BASP1 is a pharmacologically relevant receptor for cocaine and a putative therapeutic target for psychostimulant addiction.