Annals of NeurologyVolume 46, Issue 5 p. 755-760 Original Article Periventricular white matter injury in the premature infant is followed by reduced cerebral cortical gray matter volume at term Terrie E. Inder MD, Terrie E. Inder MD Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MASearch for more papers by this authorPetra S. Huppi MD, Petra S. Huppi MD Joint Program in Neonatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorSimon Warfield PhD, Simon Warfield PhD Department of Radiology and MRI Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MASearch for more papers by this authorRon Kikinis MD, Ron Kikinis MD Department of Radiology and MRI Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MASearch for more papers by this authorGary P. Zientara PhD, Gary P. Zientara PhD Department of Radiology and MRI Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MASearch for more papers by this authorPatrick D. Barnes MD, Patrick D. Barnes MD Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MASearch for more papers by this authorFerenc Jolesz MD, Ferenc Jolesz MD Department of Radiology and MRI Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MASearch for more papers by this authorJoseph J. Volpe MD, Corresponding Author Joseph J. Volpe MD Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MADepartment of Neurology, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115Search for more papers by this author Terrie E. Inder MD, Terrie E. Inder MD Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MASearch for more papers by this authorPetra S. Huppi MD, Petra S. Huppi MD Joint Program in Neonatology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA Department of Pediatrics, University of Geneva, Geneva, SwitzerlandSearch for more papers by this authorSimon Warfield PhD, Simon Warfield PhD Department of Radiology and MRI Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MASearch for more papers by this authorRon Kikinis MD, Ron Kikinis MD Department of Radiology and MRI Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MASearch for more papers by this authorGary P. Zientara PhD, Gary P. Zientara PhD Department of Radiology and MRI Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MASearch for more papers by this authorPatrick D. Barnes MD, Patrick D. Barnes MD Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MASearch for more papers by this authorFerenc Jolesz MD, Ferenc Jolesz MD Department of Radiology and MRI Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MASearch for more papers by this authorJoseph J. Volpe MD, Corresponding Author Joseph J. Volpe MD Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MADepartment of Neurology, Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115Search for more papers by this author First published: 17 May 2001 https://doi.org/10.1002/1531-8249(199911)46:5<755::AID-ANA11>3.0.CO;2-0Citations: 413AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Abstract Periventricular white matter injury, that is, periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), the dominant form of brain injury in the premature infant, is the major neuropathological substrate associated with the motor and cognitive deficits observed later in such infants. The nature of the relationship of this lesion to the subsequent cognitive deficits is unclear, but such deficits raise the possibility of cerebral cortical neuronal dysfunction. Although cortical neuronal necrosis is not a prominent feature of brain injury in premature infants, the possibility of a deleterious effect of PVL on subsequent cerebral cortical development has not been investigated. An advanced quantitative volumetric three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging technique was used to measure brain tissue volumes at term in premature infants with earlier ultrasonographic and magnetic resonance imaging evidence of PVL (mean gestational age at birth, 28.7 ± 2.0 weeks; n = 10), in premature infants with normal imaging studies (mean gestational age at birth, 29.0 ± 2.1 weeks; n = 10), and in control term infants (n = 14). Premature infants with PVL had a marked reduction in cerebral cortical gray matter at term compared with either premature infants without PVL or normal term infants (mean ± SD: PVL, 157.5 ± 41.5 ml; no PVL, 211.7 ± 25.4 ml; normal term, 218.8 ± 21.3 ml). As expected, a reduction in the volume of total brain myelinated white matter was also noted (mean ± SD: PVL, 14.5 ± 4.6 ml; no PVL, 23.1 ± 6.9 ml; normal term, 27.6 ± 10.3 ml). An apparent compensatory increase in total cerebrospinal fluid volume also was found (mean ± SD: PVL, 64.5 ± 15.2 ml; no PVL, 52.0 ± 24.1 ml; normal term, 32.9 ± 13.5 ml). PVL in the premature infant is shown for the first time to be followed by impaired cerebral cortical development. These findings may provide insight into the anatomical correlate for the intellectual deficits associated with PVL in the premature infant. Citing Literature Volume46, Issue5November 1999Pages 755-760 RelatedInformation