Monocular deprivation (MD) causes an initial decrease in synaptic responses to the deprived eye in juvenile mouse primary visual cortex (V1) through Hebbian long-term depression (LTD). This is followed by a homeostatic increase, which has been attributed to either synaptic scaling and to a slide threshold for Hebbian long-term potentiation (LTP) rather than scaling. We therefore asked in mice of all sexes whether the homeostatic increase during MD requires GluN2B-containing NMDA receptor activity, which is required to slide the plasticity threshold but not for synaptic scaling. Selective GluN2B blockade from 2-6d after monocular lid suture prevented the homeostatic increase in miniature excitatory postsynaptic current (mEPSC) amplitude in monocular V1 of acute slices and prevented the increase in visually evoked responses in binocular V1 in vivo. The decrease in mEPSC amplitude and visually evoked responses during the first 2d of MD also required GluN2B activity. Together, these results support the idea that GluN2B-containing NMDA receptors first play a role in LTD immediately following eye closure, and then promote homeostasis during prolonged MD by sliding the plasticity threshold in favor of LTP. Significance Statement Since first documented by Hubel and Wiesel, the changes in cortical ocular dominance induced by monocular deprivation (MD) have become a paradigmatic model to study experience-dependent plasticity. In juvenile rodents, brief MD induces a rapid reduction of cortical responses to the deprived eye followed by an enhanced response to the fellow eye. Although the initial response reduction is widely thought to involve NMDAR-dependent LTD, the processes underlying the late enhancement phase are still debatable. Two mechanisms have been proposed. The first is metaplasticity, in the form of a reduced induction threshold for NMDAR-dependent LTP following increased GluN2B-containing synaptic NMDARs. The second is an NMDAR-independent homeostatic synaptic scaling mechanism. Here, we show that blocking GluN2B-containing NMDARs is sufficient to prevent the late enhancement of non-deprived eye responses. Moreover, we found that GluN2B is also necessary for the initial depression of deprived eye responses. These findings not only give experimental support to the metaplasticity scenario for late cortical changes, but also underscore a crucial role for GluN2B in the entire ocular dominance plasticity process.