Hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) is gaining recognition as an eco-friendly and highly effective algicide for combating cyanobacterial blooms. This study investigates the algicidal potential of H 2 O 2 catalyzed by both inorganic and organic iron. Our findings indicate that inorganic iron (FeSO 4 ) shows minimal catalytic activity on H 2 O 2 under varying light conditions. In contrast, organic iron, specifically the combination of H 2 O 2 , EDTANaFe, and light irradiation, demonstrates significant algicidal effects. The optimal dosages were identified as 10 mg/L for H 2 O 2 and 3 mg/L for Fe 3+ .The limited efficacy of inorganic iron stems from the transformation of Fe 2+ to Fe 3+ ions via the Fenton reaction. Under neutral conditions, Fe 3+ ions precipitate as large-sized goethite, which adheres to the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) of cyanobacterial cells, thereby hindering H 2 O 2 catalysis and hydroxyl radical (·OH) formation in natural waters. Conversely, the combination of light radiation and organic iron salts greatly enhances the algicidal efficiency of H 2 O 2 . This synergy accelerates H 2 O 2 decomposition and facilitates the production of a substantial amount of OH radicals by altering the Gibbs free energy. Thus, bright and sunny conditions, particularly in the afternoon, are crucial for effectively combating cyanobacterial blooms using Fenton-like reagents. The methodology presented in this study offers a viable solution to global cyanobacteria bloom issues and elucidates the mechanisms driving its efficacy.