This study demonstrates that fear memory expression is driven by 4-Hz oscillations in prefrontal–amygdala circuits. During fear behavior, prefrontal 4-Hz oscillations lead amygdala and synchronize spiking activity between the two structures. Ultimately, this study identifies 4-Hz oscillations as a physiological signature of fear memories. Fear expression relies on the coordinated activity of prefrontal and amygdala circuits, yet the mechanisms allowing long-range network synchronization during fear remain unknown. Using a combination of extracellular recordings, pharmacological and optogenetic manipulations, we found that freezing, a behavioral expression of fear, temporally coincided with the development of sustained, internally generated 4-Hz oscillations in prefrontal–amygdala circuits. 4-Hz oscillations predict freezing onset and offset and synchronize prefrontal–amygdala circuits. Optogenetic induction of prefrontal 4-Hz oscillations coordinates prefrontal–amygdala activity and elicits fear behavior. These results unravel a sustained oscillatory mechanism mediating prefrontal–amygdala coupling during fear behavior.