ABSTRACT Correcting head motion artifacts in diffusion-weighted MRI (dMRI) scans is particularly challenging due to the dramatic changes in image contrast at different gradient strengths and directions. Head motion correction is typically performed using a Gaussian Process model implemented in FSL’s Eddy. Recently, the 3dSHORE-based SHORELine method was introduced to correct any dMRI sequence that has more than one shell. Here we perform a comprehensive evaluation of both methods on realistic simulations of a software fiber phantom that provides known ground-truth head motion. We demonstrate that both methods perform remarkably well, but that performance can be impacted by sampling scheme, the pervasiveness of head motion, and the denoising strategy applied before head motion correction. Our study also provides an open and fully-reproducible workflow that could be used to accelerate evaluation studies of other dMRI processing methods in the future. HIGHLIGHTS Both Eddy and SHORELine head motion correction methods performed quite well on a large variety of simulated data Denoising with MP-PCA can improve head motion correction performance when Eddy is used SHORELine effectively corrects motion in non-shelled acquisitions

Diffusion MRI Head Motion Correction Methods are Highly Accurate but Impacted by Denoising and Sampling Scheme