Abstract The claustrum is uniquely positioned to communicate with almost all higher-order cortical areas through widespread and reciprocal anatomical projections, yet the in vivo functional properties of claustrum neurons are not well understood. Here we use microendoscope imaging in mice to measure activity in populations of genetically-labelled Gnb4+ claustrum neurons. We find that only a small fraction of cells in the anterior claustrum are responsive to visual or auditory stimuli when delivered under passive yet wakeful conditions. In contrast, during a visual behavioral task, the majority of cells in the anterior claustrum are strongly modulated, with separate and spatially intermingled cell populations showing either increases or decreases in activity relative to spontaneous levels. Our results suggest that the Gnb4+ cells in the anterior claustrum do not represent passively presented sensory stimuli; rather, these cells are strongly engaged during behavior associated with sensory-motor transformations.

Anterior claustrum cells are responsive during behavior but not passive sensory stimulation