Abstract Recent years have seen a surge in the use of diffusion MRI to map connectomes in humans, paralleled by a similar increase in processing and analysis choices. Yet these different steps and their effects are rarely compared systematically. Here, in a healthy young adult population (n=294), we characterized the impact of a range of analysis pipelines on one widely studied property of the human connectome; its degree distribution. We evaluated the effects of 40 pipelines (comparing common choices of parcellation, streamline seeding, tractography algorithm, and streamline propagation constraint) and 44 group-representative connectome reconstruction schemes on highly connected hub regions. We found that hub location is highly variable between pipelines. The choice of parcellation has a major influence on hub architecture, and hub connectivity is highly correlated with regional surface area in most of the assessed pipelines (ρ&gt;0.70 in 69% of the pipelines), particularly when using weighted networks. Overall, our results demonstrate the need for prudent decision-making when processing diffusion MRI data, and for carefully considering how different processing choices can influence connectome organization. Author Summary The increasing use of diffusion MRI for mapping white matter connectivity has been matched by a similar increase in the number of ways to process the diffusion data. Here, we assess how diffusion processing affects hubs across 1760 pipeline variations. Many processing pipelines do not show a high concentration of connectivity within hubs. When present, hub location and distribution vary based on processing choices. The choice of probabilistic or deterministic tractography has a major impact on hub location and strength. Finally, node strength in weighted networks can correlate highly with node size. Overall, our results illustrate the need for prudent decision-making when processing and interpreting diffusion MRI data. Code and data availability All the data used in this study is openly available on Figshare at https://doi.org/10.26180/c.6352886.v1 . Scripts to analyze these data are available on GitHub at https://github.com/BMHLab/DegreeVariability . Competing Interests The authors declare that they have no competing interests.

Can hubs of the human connectome be identified consistently with diffusion MRI?