Abstract

Organoid cultures are widely used because they preserve many features of cancer cells in vivo. Here, we developed high-throughput oil-in-water droplet microtechnology to generate highly uniform, small-volume, multi-compartment organoids. Each organoid culture features a microenvironmental architecture that mimics both the basement membrane and stromal barriers. This matrix architecture, which allows accessing both proliferative and invasive features of cancer cells in a single platform, has profound effect on observed drug responsiveness and tumor progression that correlate well with in vivo and clinical outcomes. The method was tested on multiple types of cancer cells including primary cells and immortalized cell lines, and we determined our platform is suitable even for cells of poor organoid-forming ability. These new organoids also allow for direct orthotopic mouse implantation of cancer cells with unprecedented success.