Abstract

Activity-dependent transcription is critical for the encoding of long-term memories. Regulated nuclear entry of soluble proteins is one method to relay synaptic signals to the nucleus to couple neuronal excitation with transcription. To date, the role of importin-{beta}1 in nuclear shuttling of proteins during activity-dependent transcription has always been inferred but not directly investigated. In this study, we demonstrate activity-dependent nuclear accumulation of importin-{beta}1 from the soma and the synapto-dendritic compartments. Importantly, inhibition of importin-{beta}1 mediated nuclear import during synaptic stimulation impairs long-term plasticity. We show evidence that importin-{beta}1 mRNA-ribosome complex is distributed throughout the synapto-dendritic compartment and synaptic stimulation induces importin-{beta}1 local protein synthesis. Finally, we identified candidate proteins that associate with importin-{beta}1 at the synapse and characterize NDRG1 as an importin-{beta}1 interactor that undergoes activity-dependent translocation into the nucleus. Collectively, our results highlight the crucial role of importin-{beta}1 in the nuclear import of soluble proteins during long-term plasticity.