ABSTRACT Recent progress in the generation of bona-fide Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cells (HSPCs) in vitro and ex vivo has been built on the knowledge of developmental hematopoiesis, underscoring the importance of understanding in detail this developmental process. Here, we sought to elucidate the function of the hematopoietic regulators Tal1 , Lmo2 and Lyl1 in the Endothelial to Hematopoietic Transition (EHT), the process through which HSPCs are generated from endothelial precursors during embryogenesis. We used a mouse embryonic-stem cell (mESC)-based differentiation system to model hematopoietic development, and combined gain-of-function experiments in sorted vascular smooth muscle cells (VSM) with multi-omics to obtain mechanistic insights into the mode of action of Tal1 , Lmo2 and Lyl1 . We found that these factors promote the silencing of the VSM transcriptional program and the activation of the hematopoietic one. Through this approach and the use of a Tet-on system to control the expression of Tal1 during hematopoietic specification from mESCs, we discovered that its expression in endothelial cells is crucial for the EHT to occur.

Identifying a novel role for the master regulator Tal1 in the Endothelial to Hematopoietic Transition