Abstract Memory is a complex cognitive process comprised by several subsystems, namely short- and long-term memory and working memory (WM). Previous research has shown that adequate interaction between subsystems is crucial for successful memory processes such as encoding, storage and manipulation of information. However, few studies have investigated the relationship between different subsystems at the behavioral and neural levels. Thus, here we assessed the relationship between individual WM abilities and brain activity underlying the recognition of previously memorized auditory sequences. First, recognition of previously memorized versus novel auditory sequences was associated with a widespread network of brain areas comprising the cingulate gyrus, hippocampus, insula, inferior temporal cortex, frontal operculum, and orbitofrontal cortex. Second, we observed positive correlations between brain activity underlying auditory sequence recognition and WM. We showed a sustained positive correlation in the medial cingulate gyrus, a brain area which was widely involved in the auditory sequence recognition. Remarkably, we also observed positive correlations in the inferior temporal, temporal-fusiform, and postcentral gyri, brain areas which were not strongly associated to auditory sequence recognition. In conclusion, we discovered positive correlations between WM abilities and brain activity underlying long-term recognition of auditory sequences, providing new evidence on the relationship between memory subsystems. Furthermore, we showed that high WM performers recruited a larger brain network including areas associated to visual processing (i.e., inferior temporal, temporal-fusiform and postcentral gyri) for successful auditory memory recognition. Significance statement Memory is a complex cognitive process dependent on the successful interaction between its multiple subsystems. Here, we assessed the relationship between individual WM abilities and brain activity underlying the recognition of previously memorized auditory sequences. We observed positive correlations between brain activity underlying auditory sequence recognition and WM, especially in the medial cingulate gyrus, inferior temporal, temporal-fusiform and postcentral gyri. In this study, we provided new evidence on the relationship between two memory subsystems: WM and long-term auditory recognition. Moreover, we showed that, to successfully complete memory recognition tasks, high WM performers recruited a larger brain network which comprised brain areas mainly associated to visual processing, such as inferior temporal, temporal-fusiform and postcentral gyri.

Associations between abstract working memory abilities and brain activity underlying long-term recognition of auditory sequences