Abstract

Neurons use local protein synthesis as a mechanism to support their morphological complexity, which requires independent control across multiple subcellular compartments including individual synapses. However, to what extent local translation is differentially regulated at the level of specific synaptic connections remains largely unknown. Here, we identify a signaling pathway that regulates the local synthesis of proteins required for the formation of excitatory synapses on parvalbumin-expressing (PV+) interneurons in the mouse cerebral cortex. This process involves the regulation of the mTORC1 inhibitor Tsc2 by the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB4, which enables the local control of mRNA translation in a cell type-specific and synapse-specific manner. Ribosome-associated mRNA profiling reveals a molecular program of synaptic proteins that regulates the formation of excitatory inputs on PV+ interneurons downstream of ErbB4 signaling. Our work demonstrates that local protein translation is regulated at the level of specific connections to control synapse formation in the nervous system.