Abstract Drosophila sperm development is characterized by extensive post-transcriptional regulation whereby thousands of transcripts are preserved for translation during later stages. A key step in translation initiation is the binding of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) to the 5’ mRNA cap. Drosophila has multiple paralogs of eIF4E, including four (eIF4E-3, -4, -5, and -7) that are highly expressed in the testis. Other than eIF4E-3, none of these has been characterized genetically. Here, using CRISPR/Cas9 mutagenesis, we determined that eIF4E-5 is essential for male fertility. eIF4E-5 mutants exhibit defects during post-meiotic stages, including a fully penetrant defect in individualization, resulting in failure to produce mature sperm. eIF4E-5 protein localizes to the distal ends of elongated spermatid cysts, where it regulates non-apoptotic caspase activity during individualization by promoting local accumulation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase inhibitor Soti. eIF4E-5 mutants also have mild defects in spermatid cyst polarization, similar to mutants affecting the cytoplasmic polyadenylation-element binding protein Orb2 and atypical protein kinase C (aPKC). Our results further extend the diversity of non-canonical eIF4Es that carry out distinct spatiotemporal roles during spermatogenesis. Summary Statement The testis-enriched translation initiation factor eIF4E-5 is needed for spermatid cyst polarization, individualization of mature sperm and male fertility in Drosophila .

Eukaryotic translation initiation factor eIF4E-5 is required for spermiogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster