The Utility of Ancestral and Derived Allele Sharing for Genome-Wide Inferences of Introgression

Abstract

Abstract The past decade has ushered in a resurgence of studies highlighting the importance of introgression throughout the Tree of Life. Several methods exist for detecting and quantifying introgression on a genomic scale, yet the majority of these methods primarily utilize signals of derived allele sharing between donor and recipient populations. In this study, we exploit the fact that introgression will not only result in derived allele sharing but also the reintroduction of ancestral alleles to derive new estimators of the admixture proportion. Using coalescent simulations, we assess the performance of our new methods and the methods proposed in Lopez Fang et al. 2022 to assess the utility of incorporating shared ancestral variation into genome-wide inferences of introgression. Using coalescent theory, simulations, and applying our methods to human and canid data, we find that methods incorporating ancestral allele sharing are comparable to their derived allele sharing counterparts, in turn providing researchers with the opportunity to utilize more of the genomic signature of introgression.