ABSTRACT Cortical atlases constitute a consistent division of the human cortex into areas that have common structural as well as meaningful and distinctive functional characteristics. The most widely used atlases follow the cytoarchitectonic and myeloarchitectonic characteristics of the cortex and have been combined to the standard anatomical nomenclature of gyri and sulci. More recently, common functional features depicted by resting state functional MRI have also guided the division of the cortical brain in functional regions of interest. However, to date, there are no atlases that divide the cortex considering the common evolutionary changes experienced by the mammalian cortex. Hence, the present study proposes the division of cortical areas into five main regions of interest (ROIs) following a phylogenetic approach: 1- archicortex, 2- paleocortex, 3- peri-archicortex, 4- proisocortex, 5-neocortex, and twelve neocortical sub-ROIs: 5.1.temporopolar, 5.2.post-central, 5.3.pre-central, 5.4.pericalcarine, 5.5.superior temporal, 5.6.middle temporal, 5.7.precuneus, 5.8.insular, 5.9.inferior parietal, 5.10.caudal anterior, 5.11.posterior cingulate, and 5.12.lingual gyrus. The segmentations were done using the T1-weighted MNI-ICBM152 non-linear 6th generation symmetric average brain MRI model.

PhyloBrain atlas: a cortical brain MRI atlas following a phylogenetic approach