Abstract The spatial relationship between gene expression profiles and neural response patterns known to be altered in neuropsychiatric disorders, e.g. depression, can guide the development of more targeted therapies. Here, we estimated the correlation between human transcriptome data and two different brain activation maps measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy subjects. Whole-brain activation patterns evoked during an emotional face recognition task were associated with topological mRNA expression of genes involved in cellular transport. In contrast, fMRI activation patterns related to the acceptance of monetary rewards were associated with genes implicated in neuronal development, synapse regulation, and gene transcription. An overlap of these genes with risk genes from major depressive disorder genome-wide associations studies revealed the involvement of the master regulators TCF4 and MEF2C. These results were further validated by means of meta-analytic fMRI data. Overall, the identification of stable relationships between spatial gene expression profiles and fMRI data may reshape the prospects for imaging transcriptomics studies.

Regional gene expression patterns are associated with task-specific brain activation during reward and emotion processing measured with functional MRI