Abstract Reactivation of fetal hemoglobin (HbF) is the commonly adapted strategy to ameliorate β-hemoglobinopathies. However, the continued production of defective adult hemoglobin (HbA) limits the HbF tetramer production affecting the therapeutic benefits. Here, we tested various deletional hereditary persistence of fetal hemoglobin (HPFH) mutations and identified a 11 kb sequence, encompassing Putative Repressor Region (PRR) to β-globin Exon-1 (βE1), as the core deletion that ablates HbA and exhibit superior production of HbF compared to HPFH or other well-established targets. The PRR-βE1 edited hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) retained engraftment potential to repopulate for long-term hematopoiesis in immunocompromised mice generating HbF+ cells in vivo. Importantly, the editing induces therapeutically relevant levels of HbF to reverse the phenotypes of both sickle cell disease and β-thalassemia major. These results indicate that the PRR-βE1 gene editing in patient HSPCs can potentially lead to superior therapeutic outcomes for β-hemoglobinopathies gene therapy.

Editing the core region in HPFH deletions alters fetal and adult globin expression for treatment of β-hemoglobinopathies