ABSTRACT Arl13b and Arl3 are ciliary GTPases implicated in human Joubert Syndrome, affecting ciliary membrane and axoneme organization. Although the mechanism of Arl13b as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) of Arl3 and the function of Arl13b and Arl3 in ciliary membrane protein transport are well established, their role in axoneme biogenesis is unclear. In Trypanosoma brucei , TbArl13 acts as a GEF for two distinct TbArl3 proteins, TbArl3A and TbArl3C. Here, we identified the T. brucei homolog of ODA16, a cargo adapter facilitating intraflagellar transport (IFT) of motile ciliary components, as an effector of both TbArl3A and TbArl3C. Depletion of TbArl3 GTPases stabilized TbODA16 interaction with IFT, while active TbArl3 variants displaced TbODA16 from IFT, demonstrating a mechanism of TbArl3 in motile ciliary cargo transport. One-sentence summary Arl3 acts as a displacement factor and releases ODA16 from IFT

Arl3 regulates ODA16-mediated intraflagellar transport in motile cilia biogenesis