Abstract

The behavior of an organism is profoundly influenced by the complex interplay between its brain, body, and environment. Existing data-driven models focusing on either the brain or the body-environment separately. A model that integrates these two components is yet to be developed. Here, we present MetaWorm, an integrative data-driven model of a widely studied organism, C. elegans. This model consists of two sub-models: the brain model and the body & environment model. The brain model was built by multi-compartment models with realistic morphology, connectome, and neural population dynamics based on experimental data. Simultaneously, the body & environment model employed a lifelike body and a 3D physical environment, facilitating easy behavior quantification. Through the closed-loop interaction between two sub-models, MetaWorm faithfully reproduced the realistic zigzag movement towards attractors observed in C. elegans. Notably, MetaWorm is the first model to achieve seamless integration of detailed brain, body, and environment simulations, enabling unprecedented insights into the intricate relationships between neural structures, neural activities, and behaviors. Leveraging this model, we investigated the impact of neural system structure on both neural activities and behaviors. Consequently, MetaWorm can enhance our understanding of how the brain controls the body to interact with its surrounding environment.