Abstract

Metal oxide nanomaterials (MONs), including Ni, Fe, Cu, and Zn exhibit unique catalytic properties, making them cost-effective solutions for pollution mitigation and environmental remediation. Their utilization in photo/sono/sonophoto-catalytic processes is crucial for degrading contaminants without generating secondary pollutants. This review focuses on the diverse structures and morphologies of MONs synthesized through various methods. Emphasis is placed on their efficiency in treating organic pollutants in solution forms and industrial effluents. Factors such as morphology, surface area, and metal coexistence are explored, shedding light on their impact on catalytic activity, especially in dye degradation. MONs have been proven versatile and effective in catalytic applications, providing insights for wastewater treatment. Their unique properties contribute to efficient pollution control, with the potential for diverse industrial applications. The comparative analysis of photo/sono/sonophoto-catalytic properties underscores their significance in sustainable environmental management.