Abstract

The poor wettability, limited permeation flux and unsatisfactory anti-fouling property of oil/water separation membranes significantly hinder their practical application. This study developed a novel UiO-66-NH2/hydrothermal carbon@stainless steel mesh (UiO/HC@SSM) membrane, fabricated through a straightforward dip-coating strategy that offers membrane thickness control. The resulting membrane exhibited superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic property and high porosity, enabling gravity-driven separation of emulsified and stratified oil/water mixtures on-demand with high separation efficiency and superior flux. Specifically, UiO/HC@SSM-5 (dip-coating five times) showed ultrahigh permeate fluxes of 51428–56425 L m−2 h−1 for stratified oil/water mixtures separation, and UiO/HC@SSM-10 exhibited interface demulsification and gravity separation ability for emulsified oil/water mixtures with high fluxes of 4050–4504 L m−2 h−1. Notably, UiO/HC nanocomposite endowed the membrane with exceptional photocatalytic self-cleaning and antibacterial activities, effectively addressing both oil and microbial fouling. High-viscosity crude oil fouling can be light-induced decontaminated from the composite membrane surface with superior flux recovery ratio (FRR) up to 97 %. The as-prepared UiO/HC@SSM also exhibited near-complete bacterial inactivation activity after 10 min of visible light irradiation. Encouragingly, UiO/HC@SSM demonstrated superior separation and photocatalytic capabilities compared to UiO@SSM, attributed to the dual promoting role of cost-effective hydrothermal carbon in hydrophilicity and photoelectric properties. Moreover, UiO/HC modified SSM membrane displayed robust chemical and mechanical stability, coupled with superior harsh environments and oil pressure resistances. This membrane, boasting desirable wettability, high permeability, exceptional photocatalytic activity, and excellent stability, offers a reliable solution for treating complex oily wastewater. Additionally, the demulsification and photocatalysis mechanisms of UiO/HC@SSM membrane were examined in depth. This study holds significant potential in advancing the development of novel SSM membranes functionalized with MOF/carbon material, thereby enhancing their practical applications in purifying oily wastewater.