Abstract

Recent technological advancements in the energy sector, such as the proliferation of electric vehicles, and smart power electronic devices, have substantially increased the demand for reliable and quality power supply. This surge in energy consumption has posed significant concerns for traditional power systems regarding the systems' resilience and reliability. To address these challenges, power system engineers and researchers have proposed the digitalization of power systems, resulting in remotely controlled and operated smart grids. However, the transition towards smart grids has introduced new vulnerabilities, specifically in the form of cyber-attacks. One notable example is the recent malicious attack on the Ukrainian power system, which left three distribution networks destroyed, causing losses and damage to thousands of customers. In an era marked by rapid technological advancement, the security of modern power infrastructure against malicious cyber-attackers has emerged as a paramount concern for power system operators. This paper presents a comprehensive examination of cybersecurity strategies aimed at strengthening the resilience and reliability of modern power systems. By thoroughly analyzing the various cyber-attacks and effective defence strategies, it is evident that cybersecurity plays a crucial role in maintaining a continuous power supply and reducing the impact of potential contingencies. The study further provides valuable perspectives on the changing landscape of cyber threats faced by power infrastructure by combining insights from advanced research and industry expertise. By combining conventional techniques and cutting-edge technologies, valuable recommendations are provided for improving the cybersecurity of the power system and protecting vital grid assets, such as substations. This paper serves as an essential resource for policymakers, industry practitioners, and researchers seeking to understand the complex relationship between cybersecurity and modern power systems.