Association between Bone Mineral Density and Dietary Patterns in Elderly Women in Guangxi: A Cross-Sectional Study in China

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and bone mineral density (BMD) in elderly women, analyze potential risk factors and provide a reference for the prevention of osteoporosis (OP). The study was conducted from December 2018 to November 2019 in Gongcheng Yao Autonomous County, Guangxi, and a cross-sectional survey was conducted using the whole cluster random sampling method. In this study, older women ≥60 years old were selected for physical examination, baseline population survey and food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Dietary patterns were analyzed using factor analysis, and the relationship between dietary patterns and the prevalence of OP was assessed using a binary logistic regression model. According to statistical analysis of data, a total of 666 elderly women were included in this study, and their prevalence of OP was 53.45%. The differences in ethnicity, education level, Body mass index (BMI), Age, Hipline (Hip), Waist circumference (WC), and High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were statistically significant (P < 0.05) in the non-OP group compared with the OP group. The prevalence of OP was high among elderly women in a rural county in Guangxi, China. The analysis results show that a dietary pattern with relatively high intake of edible oil and salt may be a risk factor for developing OP. It is recommended that in daily life, elderly women should maintain a healthy weight, eat a balanced diet, and reduce the intake of oil and salt to promote bone health.