Abstract Current measurement technologies encompass a wide array of techniques, numbering over ten distinct methods. Among these, current sensors such as Rogowski coils and transformers based on Ampere’s law stand out. These sensors utilize electrical insulation between the primary and secondary windings, ensuring accurate and safe current measurement. In practical applications, current sensors play a critical role across various industries. They have become indispensable components in numerous devices, including inverters, DC/DC converters, motor controllers, uninterruptible power supplies, switch-mode power supplies, process control systems, and battery management systems. However, the high performance of these sensors often comes with increased costs, necessitating a thorough exploration of their notable advantages and inherent limitations. This paper aims to provide a detailed overview of the working principles and applications of various current sensors. By offering a clearer understanding of the different operating modes of these sensors and their respective strengths and limitations in practical applications, this paper seeks to furnish subsequent researchers with valuable insights for future investigations.

Review of the current transducer techniques