Abstract

Preventing nonspecific binding is essential for sensitive surface-based quantitative single-molecule microscopy. Here we report a much-simplified RainX-F127 (RF-127) surface with improved passivation. This surface achieves up to 100-fold less nonspecific binding from protein aggregates compared to commonly used polyethylene glycol (PEG) surfaces. The method is compatible with common single-molecule techniques including single-molecule pull-down (SiMPull), super-resolution imaging, antibody-binding screening and single exosome visualization. This method is also able to specifically detect alpha-synuclein (α-syn) and tau aggregates from a wide range of biofluids including human serum, brain extracts, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and saliva. The simplicity of this method further allows the functionalization of microplates for robot-assisted high-throughput single-molecule experiments. Overall, this simple but improved surface offers a versatile platform for quantitative single-molecule microscopy without the need for specialized equipment or personnel.