Abstract

Turner syndrome was first described by Oklahoman physician Henri Turner in 1938. This syndrome can occur in females who have an absent X chromosome, either completely or partially. The two primary forms of TS are mosaic and classical. Data from newborn genetic screening and epidemiology in the US, Europe, and Japan suggest that it affects 1% to 3% of live female infants. Webbed neck, swollen hands and feet, shield-shaped chest, low hairline, droopy eyelids, high- arched palate, and elevated elbow carrying angle are among the physical traits associated with TS. Standard karyotyping, which looks at the chromosomes of 30 peripheral cells, can confirm the presence of Turner syndrome. Cardiovascular irregularity, hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, infertility, skeletal abnormalities, and autoimmune illnesses are among the complications associated with TS. The main treatment for TS is growth hormone therapy, with different approaches based on the organ involved.