This study aims to explore college English teaching strategies based on sociocultural theory and analyze their impact on students' learning outcomes. Through literature research and theoretical analysis, this paper proposes a teaching framework based on sociocultural theory and discusses its application in college English teaching. The research results show that sociocultural-based teaching strategies can enhance students' intercultural communication skills, language proficiency, and cultural awareness. Additionally, this study provides specific teaching strategies and implementation recommendations to help teachers apply sociocultural theory in college English teaching better.