Abstract

<p>As the progress of human society rapidly enters a new stage, sustainable development has become an essential target. It is necessary to have an effective approach to managing the resources and ecosystems of Earth, with the target of promoting sustainable development while meeting the needs and requirements of both present and future generations. Digital twin technology provides a fresh perspective on sustainable management with a better understanding of the interconnectedness of Earth's systems and accurate simulation and prediction of future changes. By integrating various types of data and models, including climate models, geophysical models, and social media data, a digital twin of Earth can simulate and analyze various aspects of the planet. The digital twin of Earth leverages real-time multi-source data integration through advanced IoT and wireless sensor networks, feeding into a data lake architecture that supports the seamless integration and processing of heterogeneous data. The integrated data then informs dynamic models, combining numerical simulation models with intelligent algorithms for enhanced prediction and analysis. This approach emphasizes the integration of environmental, social, and economic considerations into decision-making that balances economic growth, social well-being, and environmental protection to achieve sustainable development. This paper introduces the definition and information framework of the new concept of a digital twin of Earth to promote the current research on Earth management based on digital transformation techniques.</p>