Abstract

Insect silks possess excellent biodegradability, biocompatibility and mechanical properties, and have numerous applications in biomedicine and tissue engineering. However, the application of silk fiber is hindered by its limited supply, especially from non‐domesticated insects. In the present study, the silk yield and organ size of Bombyx mori were significantly improved through genetic manipulation of the target of rapamycin complex 1 (TORC1) pathway components. Silk protein synthesis and silk gland size were decreased following rapamycin treatment, inhibiting the TORC1 signaling pathway both in vivo and ex vivo . The overexpression of posterior silk gland‐specific Rheb and BmSLC7A5 improved silk protein synthesis and silk gland size by activating the TORC1 signaling pathway. Silk yield in BmSLC7A5‐ overexpression silkworms was significantly increased by approximately 25%. We have demonstrated that the TORC1 signaling pathway is involved in the transcription and translation of silk genes and transcriptional activators via phosphorylation of p70 S6 kinase 1 and 4E‐binding protein 1. Our findings present a strategy for increasing silk yield and organ size in silk‐producing insects.