In-vivo fluorescence lifetime tomography for detection and quantification of programmed death ligand-1

Abstract

Cancer immunotherapy relies on PD-L1 expression, often assessed through immunohistochemistry, offering limited insights. In-vivo fluorescence lifetime (FLT) imaging, utilizing PD-L1-targeted probes, provides quantitative estimates of PD-L1 heterogeneity across tumors, showing promise for clinical translation of FLT imaging.