This paper proposes a bidirectional topology based on a modular multilevel converter which allows for scalability of the design for much larger voltage levels in larger EV applications. It aims to improve the modularity and reliability without a significant impact in efficiency. The converter is paired with the sliding mode control with a comprehensive decision rule which facilitates complete dynamic control of current and voltage as the switching process occurs between buck to boost and vice versa. The sliding mode control has complete self-regulation which allows the system to behave intelligently while ensuring that there are no peak overshoots in the battery voltage or current during switching and dynamic performance is still maintained.

A Modular Multilevel Derived Converter with a Robust and Dynamic Sliding Mode Control for Electric Vehicles