Abstract

Objective: This study uses adult zebrafish as a model organism to explore the possible cognitive-boosting properties of shilajit, a traditional Ayurvedic herbal resin. Shilajit is known for its potential cognitive benefits, and the study focuses on its impact on memory and cognitive function. Methods: The study employs a T-maze apparatus to assess cognitive performance in zebrafish, particularly memory, and uses hyoscine, a memory-deficit-inducing compound, in the experiments. Various doses of shilajit (0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6 mg/ml) were administered to zebrafish via water immersion, and lipid peroxidation and reduced glutathione were checked to measure oxidative stress. Results: The results reveal that shilajit positively affects memory in zebrafish with hyoscineinduced amnesia. Zebrafish treated with shilajit exhibited improved memory performance, as indicated by increased entries into the reward arm (yellow) (p<0.05) and reduced latency time (p<0.0001). Different doses of shilajit demonstrated varying effects, with higher doses leading to more pronounced memory improvements. Furthermore, the study examined biochemical parameters in the zebrafish brains, with a specific focus on markers of oxidative stress. Shilajit treatment was associated with a decrease in lipid peroxidation and an increase in reduced glutathione levels, signalling a reduction in oxidative stress (p<0.0001). Discussion: Finally, these findings suggest that shilajit not only alleviates memory deficits in the zebrafish model but also possesses potential antioxidative properties in lowering reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in the brain. Conclusion: Our result suggests that shilajit counteracted the damage caused to cholinergic neurons in zebrafish brains by reducing ROS levels and improving learning and memory.