Abstract

Endothelial hyperpermeability-induced vascular dysfunction is a prevalent and significant characteristic in critical illnesses such as sepsis and other conditions marked by acute systemic inflammation. Platelet endothelial cell adhesion molecule-1 (PECAM-1) and Tie2 serve as transmembrane receptors within endothelial cells (ECs), playing pivotal roles not only in maintaining EC-EC junctions but also in influencing vasculogenesis, vessel homeostasis, and vascular remodeling.