The COVID-19 pandemic has significantly disrupted the tourism industry, leading to a dramatic reduction in travel activity worldwide. Lockdowns, travel bans, and health concerns have drastically decreased the number of international and domestic tourists, causing severe economic losses for destinations reliant on tourism. The industry has faced challenges such as a decline in revenue, job losses, and the closure of many businesses, highlighting its vulnerability to global crises. In response to the pandemic, the tourism sector has witnessed shifts in consumer behavior and industry practices. There has been an increased focus on local travel, with many travelers opting for nearby destinations instead of international trips. Additionally, the pandemic has accelerated trends towards digitalization, such as virtual tours and contactless services, as well as a heightened emphasis on health and safety measures to rebuild traveler confidence. As the world begins to recover, the tourism industry is poised to undergo significant transformation. Future strategies are likely to emphasize sustainability, flexibility, and innovation to better cope with potential future disruptions. By embracing these changes, the tourism sector aims to not only recover from the impacts of COVID-19 but also to build a more resilient and adaptable framework for the future.

Impact of COVID-19 on tourism: An economic and social review