Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990–2021: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021

Regina-Mae Dominguez,Rose Bender,Avina Vongpradith,Samuel Albertson,Amanda Novotney,Katrin Burkart,Austin Carter,Parsa Abdi,Meriem Abdoun,Ayele Abebe,Kedir Abegaz,Richard Aboagye,Hassan Abolhassani,Lucas Abreu,Hasan Abualruz,Eman Abu‐Gharbieh,Salahdein Aburuz,Mesafint Adane,Isaac Addo,Victor Adekanmbi,Qorinah Adnani,Leticia Adzigbli,Muhammad Afzal,Saira Afzal,Bright Ahinkorah,Sajjad Ahmad,Ayman Ahmed,Ahmed Hasaballah,Syed Ahmed,Karolina Akinosoglou,Mohammed Akkaif,Salah Awaidy,Samer Alalalmeh,Mohammed ALBashtawy,Mohammad Al‐bataineh,Adel Al‐Gheethi,Fadwa Alhalaiqa,Robert Alhassan,Abid Ali,Liaqat Ali,Muhammad Usman,Syed Ali,Waad Ali,Joseph Almazan,Jaber Alqahtani,Ahmad Alrawashdeh,Rami Al‐Rifai,Najim Alshahrani,Khaled Altartoor,Jaffar Al‐Tawfiq,Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán,Yaser Al‐Worafi,Hany Aly,Safwat Aly,Karem Alzoubi,Walid Al-Zyoud,Abebe Amhare,Hubert Amu,Ganiyu Amusa,Abhishek Anil,Sara Anvari,Ekenedilichukwu Anyabolo,Jalal Arabloo,Mosab Arafat,Demelash Areda,Brhane Berhe,Abdulfatai Aremu,Seyyed Athari,Avinash Aujayeb,Zewdu Aynalem,Sina Azadnajafabad,Ahmed Azzam,Muhammad Badar,Pegah Taqanaki,Saeed Bahramian,Atif Baig,Milica Bajčetić,Senthilkumar Balakrishnan,Maciej Banach,Mainak Bardhan,Hiba Barqawi,Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan,Kavita Batra,Ravi Batra,Amir Behnoush,Maryam Beiranvand,Alemu Gedefie,Melaku Belete,Apostolos Beloukas,Azizullah Beran,Pankaj Bhardwaj,Ashish Bhargava,Ajay Bhat,Mohiuddin Bhuiyan,Veera Bitra,Aadam Bodunrin,Eyob Bogale,Sri Boppana,Hamed Borhany,Souad Bouaoud,Colin Brown,Danilo Buonsenso,Yasser Bustanji,Luis Cámera,David Broday,Luca Cegolon,Muthia Cenderadewi,Sandip Chakraborty,Vijay Chattu,Esther Cheng,Fatemeh Chichagi,Patrick Ching,Hitesh Chopra,Sonali Choudhari,Devasahayam Christopher,Dinh‐Toi Chu,Isaac Chukwu,Erin Chung,Alexandru Corlăteanu,Natália Martins,Sriharsha Dadana,Omid Dadras,Tukur Dahiru,Xiaochen Dai,Jai Das,Nihar Dash,Mohsen Dashti,Mohadese Dashtkoohi,Fernando Hoz,Shayom Debopadhaya,Berecha Demessa,Asmamaw Demis,Vinoth Chellaiyan,Devananda Devegowda,Kuldeep Dhama,Vishal Dhulipala,Daniel Díaz,Michael Diaz,Thanh Chi,Masoud Dodangeh,Fariba Dorostkar,Ashel Dsouza,Haneil Dsouza,Senbagam Duraisamy,Oyewole Durojaiye,Arkadiusz Dziedzic,Abdelaziz Ed-Dra,Michael Ekholuenetale,Temitope Ekundayo,Iman Sayed,Faris El‐Dahiyat,Mohammed Elshaer,Majid Eslami,Ugochukwu Eze,Adeniyi Fagbamigbe,Ali Faramarzi,Folorunso Fasina,Nuno Ferreira,Florian Fischer,Ida Fitriana,Luísa Flor,Santosh Gaihre,Márió Gajdács,Nasrin Galehdar,Mohammad Ganiyani,Miglas Gebregergis,Mesfin Gebrehiwot,Teferi Gebremeskel,Genanew Getahun,Molla Getie,Keyghobad Ghadiri,Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh,Mahsa Ghorbani,Mohamad Goldust,Mahaveer Golechha,Pouya Goleij,Giuseppe Gorini,Anmol Goyal,Shi‐Yang Guan,Giovanni Guarducci,Mesay Dechasa,Renu Gupta,Sapna Gupta,Veer Gupta,Vivek Gupta,Mostafa Hadei,Najah Hadi,Arvin Haj‐Mirzaian,Rabih Halwani,Samer Hamidi,Ahmad Hammoud,Nasrin Hanifi,Fahad Hanna,Zaim Haq,Md Haque,S Hasan,Hamidreza Hasani,Md Hasnain,Hadi Hassankhani,Johannes Haubold,Khezar Hayat,Omar Hegazi,Kamal Hezam,Ramesh Holla,Praveen Hoogar,Nobuyuki Horita,Sorin Hostiuc,Hong-Han Huynh,Segun Ibitoye,Olayinka Ilesanmi,Irena Ilić,Milena Ilić,Mohammad Imam,Mustafa Isa,Md. Islam,Sheikh Islam,Nahlah Ismail,Masao Iwagami,J Vinothini,Abdollah Jafarzadeh,Khushleen Jaggi,Ammar Jairoun,Mihajlo Jakovljević,Elham Jamshidi,Shubha Jayaram,Bijay Jeswani,Ravi Jha,Jobinse Jose,Nitin Joseph,Charity Joshua,Jacek Jozwiak,K Vaishali,Zubair Kabir,Himal Kandel,Kehinde Kanmodi,Surya Kant,Rami Kantar,Ibraheem Karaye,Arman Behnagh,Navjot Kaur,Himanshu Khajuria,Amirmohammad Khalaji,Faham Khamesipour,Gulfaraz Khan,Md Khan,Maseer Khan,Atiqur Khan,Se Jung,Ruth Kimokoti,Sonali Kochhar,V. Korshunov,Ai Koyanagi,Kewal Krishan,Hare Krishna,Vijay Krishnamoorthy,Barthélémy Defo,Md Kuddus,Mohammed Kuddus,Ilari Kuitunen,Mukhtar Kulimbet,Dewesh Kumar,Om Kurmi,L. Kutikuppala,Chandrakant Lahariya,Dharmesh Lal,Savita Lasrado,Kaveh Latifinaibin,Huu‐Hoai Le,Nguyen Le,Thao Le,Thanh Le,Le Minh,Wei‐Chen Lee,Ming‐Chieh Li,Jia Li,Stephen Lim,Gang Liu,Run-Ben Liu,Wei Liu,Xiaofeng Liu,Xuefeng Liu,László Lorenzovici,Lisha Luo,Azeem Majeed,Elaheh Rad,Kashish Malhotra,Iram Malik,Aseer Manilal,Bharati Mehta,Tesfahun Meto,Mathewos Mekonnen,Hadush Negash,Ziad Memish,Max Mendez-Lopez,Sultan Meo,Mohsen Merati,Tomislav Meštrović,Sachith Mettananda,Erkin Мirrakhimov,Surjit Singh,Ahmed Mohamed,Nouh Mohamed,Fuad Adem,Mustapha Mohammed,Felix Ogbo,Lorenzo Monasta,Mohammad Moni,AmirAli Ghalibaf,Catrin Moore,Jacob Olusanya,Rohith Motappa,Vincent Mougin,Parsa Mousavi,Babar Shaikh,Pirouz Naghavi,Ganesh Naik,Firzan Nainu,Mohammad Najafi,Soroush Najdaghi,Hastyar Najmuldeen,Shumaila Nargus,Delaram Davani,Mohammad Naser,Zuhair Natto,Biswa Nayak,Seyed Nejadghaderi,Dang Nguyen,Hau Nguyen,Nguyễn Thành,Τaxiarchis Νikolouzakis,Efaq Noman,Chisom Nri-Ezedi,Virginia Núñez-Samudio,Vincent Nwatah,Ismail Odetokun,Akinkunmi Okekunle,Osaretin Okonji,Titilope Olanipekun,Isaac Olufadewa,Bolajoko Olusanya,Goran Omer,Kenneth Onyedibe,Michał Ordak,Verner Orish,Esteban Ortíz-Prado,Nikita Otstavnov,Amel Ouyahia,Mahesh A,Jagadish Padubidri,Ashok Pandey,Ioannis Pantazopoulos,Shahina Pardhan,Pragyan Parija,Romil Parikh,Seoyeon Park,Ashwaghosha Parthasarathi,Maja Pasovic,Aslam Pathan,Shankargouda Patil,Shrikant Pawar,Prince Peprah,Perianayagam Arokiasamy,Dhayaneethie Perumal,Ionela-Roxana Petcu,Hoang Pham,Huyen Pham,Armelle Philip,David Pigott,Zahra Piracha,Dimitri Poddighe,Roman Topór-Mądry,Maarten Postma,Reza Pourbabaki,Elton Prates,Jagadeesh Puvvula,Asma Qazi,Gangzhen Qian,Quinn Rafferty,Fakher Rahim,Mehran Rahimi,Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar,Obaidur Rahman,Mosiur Rahman,Muhammad Rahman,Mohammad Rahmanian,Nazanin Rahmanian,Vahid Rahmanian,Masoud Rahmati,Prashant Rajput,Mahmoud Ramadan,Shakthi Ramasamy,Pushkal Ramesh,Indu Rao,Mithun Rao,Sowmya Rao,Sina Rashedi,Mohammad‐Mahdi Rashidi,Devarajan Rathish,Nakul Ravikumar,Salman Rawaf,Elrashdy Redwan,Luis Reyes,Farzad Kompani,Nima Rezaei,Omid Rezahosseini,Syed Rizvi,Jefferson Buendía,Luca Ronfani,Shekoufeh Roudashti,Priyanka Roy,Guilherme Ruela,Basema Saddik,Mohammad Saeb,Pooya Saeedi,Mehdi Safari,Fatemeh Sharif‐Askari,Narjes Sharif‐Askari,Amirhossein Sahebkar,Monalisha Sahu,Joseph Sakshaug,Nasir Salam,Afeez Salami,Mohamed Saleh,Malik Sallam,Yoseph Samodra,Rama Sanjeev,Milena Santric-Milicevic,Aswini Saravanan,Benn Sartorius,Anudeep Sathyanarayan,Jennifer Saulam,Sonia Saxena,Ganesh Saya,Benedikt Schaarschmidt,Austin Schumacher,Mansour Sedighi,Ashenafi Sendekie,Subramanian Senthilkumaran,Yashendra Sethi,SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi,Mahan Shafie,Samiah Shahid,Ali Mokdad,Sunder Sham,Mohammad Shamshirgaran,Mohd Shanawaz,Mohammed Shannawaz,Amin Sharifan,Javad Sharifi‐Rad,Rajesh Shastry,Aziz Sheikh,Luz Reynales-Shigematsu,Rahman Shiri,Aminu Shittu,Ivy Shiue,Seyed Shorofi,Emmanuel Siddig,Colin Simpson,Fotis Topouzis,Paramdeep Singh,Robert Sinto,Ranjan Solanki,Sameh Soliman,Muhammad Suleman,Rizwan Abdulkader,Chandan Swain,Łukasz Szarpak,Seyyed Tabatabaei,Mohammad Tabish,Zanan Taha,Jabeen Taiba,Iman Talaat,Jacques Tamuzi,Birhan Taye,Yibekal Manaye,Mohamad‐Hani Temsah,Dufera Terefa,Ramna Thakur,Rekha Thapar,Thirunavukkarasu Sathish,Aleš Tichopád,Marcos Tovani‐Palone,Nghia Tran,Ngoc Tran,Nguyen Duc,Guesh Mebrahtom,Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu,Aniefiok Udoakang,Era Upadhyay,Seyed Vahabi,Asokan Vaithinathan,Rohollah Valizadeh,Tommi Vasankari,Manish Vinayak,Muhammad Waqas,Haftom Weldetinsaa,Nuwan Wickramasinghe,Ali Yadollahpour,Sajad Yaghoubi,Saber Yezli,Dehui Yin,Dong Yon,Naohiro Yonemoto,Yong Yu,Fathiah Zakham,Ghazal Zandieh,Iman Zare,Fatemeh Zarimeidani,Михаил Застрожин,Chunxia Zhai,Haijun Zhang,Zhi-Jiang Zhang,Yang Zhao,Juexiao Zhou,Hassaan Zia,Magdalena Zielińska,Mohammad Zoladl,Samer Zyoud,Aleksandr Aravkin,Nicholas Kassebaum,Mohsen Naghavi,Theo Vos,Simon Hay,Christopher Murray,Hmwe Kyu,Salah AbuRuz,Haroon Ahmed,Anees Syed,Mohammad AlBataineh,Saeid Anvari,Ahmed Y. Azzam,Carlos Castañeda-Orjuela,Michael Díaz,Thao Phuong,Abdelaziz Ed‐Dra