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The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC
Authors
R. Barbera,K. Read
A. Quintana,R. Achenbach,S. Acounis,D. Adamová,C. Adler,M. Aggarwal,F. Agnese,G. Rinella,Z. Ahammed,Arshad Ahmad,N. Ahmad,Shakeel Ahmad,A. Akindinov,Pavel Akishin,D. Aleksandrov,B. Alessandro,R. Alfaro,G. Alfarone,A. Alici,J. Alme,T. Alt,S. Altinpinar,W. Amend,C. Andrei,Y. Andres,A. Andronic,G. Anelli,M. Anfreville,V. Angelov,A. Anzo,C. Anson,T. Antičić,V. Antonenko,D. Antończyk,F. Antinori,S. Antinori,P. Antonioli,L. Aphecetche,H. Appelshäuser,V. Aprodu,M. Arba,S. Arcelli,A. Argentieri,N. Armesto,R. Arnaldi,A. Arefiev,I. Arsene,A. Asryan,A. Augustinus,I. Ahmed,S. Ahn,M. Azmi,S Bablock,J. Oleniacz,S.K. Badyal,D. d’Enterria,S. Bagnasco,X. Bai,Renu Bala,A. Baldisseri,A. Baldit,J. Bán,P.L. Barberis,Jean-Michel Barbet,G. Barnaföldi,L. Barnby,M. Leeuwen,D. Bartoş,C. Petta,V. Basmanov,S. Basu,G. Batigne,J. Baudot,C. Baumann,I. Bearden,D. Barton,Juri Belikov,R. Bellwied,E. Belmont‐Moreno,A. Belogianni,S.T. Belyaev,A. Benato,J.L. Béney,L. Benhabib,F. Benotto,S. Beolè,C. Klein-Bösing,E. Berdermann,Y. Berdnikov,C. Bernard,Romain Berny,J.D. Berst,H. Bertelsen,L. Betev,A. Bhasin,P Baskar,P. Tribedy,L. Bianchi,J. Bielčík,J. Bielčíková,L. Bimbot,G. Blanchard,D. Blau,S.-L. Blyth,M. Boccioli,P. Sarma,K. Redlich,M. Bogolyubsky,M. Bombara,M. Bondila,Dominique Bonnet,V. Bonvicini,L. Cunqueiro,Fabio Borotto,V. Borshchov,Y. Bortoli,Oleksandr Borysov,S. Bose,L. Bosisio,M. Botje,S. Böttger,G. Bourdaud,O. Bourrion,S. Bouvier,A. Braem,M. Braun,P. Braun‐Munzinger,L. Bravina,M. Bregant,Gudrun Bruckner,E. Bruna,D. Carbone,G. Bruno,D. Bucher,V.A. Budilov,D. Budnikov,H. Buesching,P. Bunčić,Michael Burns,S.F. Burachas,O. Busch,J Bushop,X. Cai,H. Caines,F. Calaon,M. Caldogno,I. Cali,P. Camerini,R. Campagnolo,M. Campbell,Xu Cao,G. Capitani,G. Romeo,Gilles Fedak,Hervé Carduner,F. Carena,W. Carena,D. Creanza,C. Montoya,José Casado,M. Caselle,J. Castellanos,J. Castor,V. Cătănescu,E. Cattaruzza,D. Cavazza,P. Cerello,S. Ceresa,V. Černý,V. Chambert,M. Chartier,A. Charpy,Didier Charrier,M.Y. Chartoire,S. Chattopadhyay,V. Chepurnov,S. Chernenko,Y. Schütz,Cvetan Cheshkov,D. Chinellato,C. Furget,Jinhyuk Choi,P. Christiansen,O. Chykalov,C. Cicalò,L. Cifarelli-Strolin,M. Ciobanu,F. Coccetti,C Cirstoiu,O. Clausse,J. Cleymans,S. Coli,J. Coffin,T. Callister,C. Colledani,C. Combaret,M. Combet,M. Comets,P. Constantin,Giacomo Contin,J. Contreras,T. Cormier,F. Corsi,P. Cortese,F. Costa,J. Cussonneau,M. Dahlinger,A. Dainese,I. Das,A. Kechechyan,T. Das,A. Dash,R Silva,M. Davenport,H. Daues,A. De,G. Cataldo,D. Gruttola,Paolo Girolamo,Joanna Groot,Antje Haas,S. Pasquale,P. Remigis,D. Vaux,G. Decock,H. Delagrange,G. Tondello,R. Covarelli,C Dell'Olio,D. Dell’Olio,A. Deloff,A. Deppman,G. D’Erasmo,Д. Деркач,A. Devaux,D. Bari,A Bartelomen,C. Giglio,P. Nezza,M. Dialinas,L. Dı́az,Ray Valdés,T. Dietel,R. Dima,Heng-Tong Ding,Cristian Dincă,J. Vrláková,Ø. Djuvsland,D. Mahapatra,B Doenigus,I. Jiménez,M Dorn,S. Drouet,A Dubey,S. Dudi,F. Dumitrache,Éric Dumonteil,P. Dupieux,V. Duţă,Ak Majumdar,D. Emschermann,Th Dyhre,L. Efimov,A. Efremov,D. Elia,C. Engster,A. Enokizono,B. Espagnon,D. Evans,A Evangelista,S. Evrard,C. Fabjan,D. Fabris,A. Fantoni,F. Barile,R Farano,R. Fearick,Oleg Fedorov,Г. Феофилов,D. Felea,A. Téllez,J. Figiel,F. Fichera,Fiorella Fionda,E Filoni,C. Finck,E. Fiore,Y. Fisyak,M. Floris,J. Cramer,Y. Foka,E. Fragiacomo,P. Force,F. Formenti,M. Fragkiadakis,D. Fraissard,A. Franco,Umberto Fratino,S. Fresneau,A. Frolov,U. Fuchs,Ł. Fulek,M. Furini,M. Girard,A. Gabrielli,S. Gadrat,Martino Gagliardi,Luciano Gaido,A. Torreira,M. Gallio,E. Gandolfi,Paraskevi Ganoti,F. Geurts,Jose Garabatos,Andrew Lopez,L. Garizzo,O. Grachov,M. Germain,P. Gianotti,P. Giubellino,G. Giolu,G. Giraudo,A. Ramírez,E. Ferreiro,C. Gutierrez,L.H. Gonzales-Trueba,L. Görlich,Y. Gorbunov,H. Gos,Y. Goto,L. Graczykowski,H. Gottschlag,Dirk Gottschalk,T. Grassi,H. Gray,O. Grebenyuk,K. Grebieszkow,C. Grégory,S. Grigoryan,C Grigoryan,Yu.G. Grishuk,Philippe Gros,C. Roy,J-Y Grossiord,F. Grosa,B. Grynyov,Cláudio Guarnaccia,F. Guber,Frédéric Guérin,R. Guernane,M. Guerzoni,Michele Guida,G. Guilloux,T. Gunji,K. Gulbrandsen,V.K. Gupta,T. Hachiya,H.H. Gutbrod,C. Hadjidakis,G. Hamar,H. Hamagaki,J. Hamblen,Jens Hansen,P. Hardy,D. Hatzifotiadou,John Harris,M. Hartig,Ashot Harutyunyan,A. Hayrapetyan,D. Hasch,D. Haşegan,J. Hehner,N. Heine,M. Heinz,M. Winn,A. Herghelegiu,S. Herlant,G. Corral,N. Herrmann,H. Hillemanns,B. Mohanty,H Hinke,B. Hippolyte,M. Hoch,H Hoebbel,H. Hoedlmoser,P. Hristov,M. Horner,Y. Hori,Siyu Jian,Christopher Guo,T. Humanic,A. Hurtado,D. Hwang,J.C. Ianigro,M. Idzik,D. Larsen,R. Ilkaev,I. Ilkiv,M. Imhoff,P.G. Innocenti,Emanuel Ionescu,M. Ippolitov,M. Irfan,C. Insa,M. Inuzuka,O. Ivanytskyi,Marian Ivanov,В. Иванов,S. Jaelani,A. Jachołkowski,R. Janik,M Jasper,C. Jena,L. Jirdén,Daniel Johnson,Graham Jones,C.E. Jørgensen,François Jouve,P. Jovanović,Antoine Junique,A. Jusko,W. Jung,K. Kadija,T. Kalliokoski,R. Kamermans,S. Kapusta,A.B. Kaidalov,E. Kang,J. Kapitan,S. Kar,K.V. Karadzhev,T. Karavicheva,I.-K. Yoo,K. Karpio,M. Keil,R. Keidel,M. Khan,A. Khanzadeev,Bjarte Kileng,D Kim,H Kim,J. Kim,I. Kisel,J.B. Kinson,S.K. Kiprich,G. Kiss,A. Kisiel,T. Kiss,Volker Kiworra,C. Bösing,O. Chvála,Anatoly Klimov,A. Klovning,E. Gładysz-Dziaduś,R. Kluit,S. Kniege,Rodion Kolevatov,T. Kollegger,I. Pshenichnov,V. Punin,M. Kowalski,E. Koshurnikov,I.V. Kotov,K. Kozlov,A. Kravčáková,M. Krelina,J. Cepila,M. Krůs,E. Kryshen,Y. Kucheriaev,A. Kugler,E. Scomparin,J. Kumar,L. Kumar,P Kumpumaeki,A. Kurepin,S. Kushpil,O. Baillie,M. Kutovsky,H. Kvaerno,A. Kuryakin,J. Labbe,Franco Mangiarotti,P. Guevara,P. Harrison,M. Lamont,B. Cox,G. Laurenti,Y. Bornec,N. Bris,C Gailliard,V. Lebedev,J. Lecoq,K Lee,S Lee,F. Lefèvre,R. Lemmon,Thorsten Lehmann,L. Leistam,F. Pantaleo,R. Tieulent,H. León,A. Khatun,Q Li,X. Li,F. Librizzi,R. Lietava,N Lindegaard,V. Lindenstruth,C. Lippmann,H. Matis,O.M. Listratenko,F. Littel,Y Liu,Juslan Lo,V.I. Lobanov,M. Noriega,Simón López‐Ramírez,Patricia Lorenzo,M. Lunardon,S. Lu,Axel Maas,L. Luquin,S. Lusso,J.R. Lutz,M.L. Luvisetto,V. Lyapin,A. Maire,C. Măgureanu,Ankit Mahajan,S Majahan,Tariq Mahmoud,A. Mairani,A.F. Makarov,I. Makhlyueva,M. Malek,T. Małkiewicz,A. Mamonov,C. Manea,L. Mangotra,D. Maniero,V. Manzari,J. Mareš,Y. Mao,A. Marcel,S. Marchini,A. Margotti,J-C. Marin,D. Marras,G. García,Mario Hernandez,A. Martínez‐Dávalos,Séverine Martini,A. Chiesa,C. Marzocca,S. Masciocchi,M. Masera,M. Masetti,Н.И. Маслов,A. Masoni,F. Massera,M. Mast,C. Mayer,B. Mayer,G. Mazza,M Mazzaro,M. Mazzilli,F. Meddi,E.A. Meleshko,A. Menchaca-Rocha,S. Meneghini,Marco Meoni,M. Šumbera,P. Mereu,O. Meunier,J. Milošević,R. Michinelli,N. Miftakhov,M. Mignone,K. Mikhailov,Y. Minaev,A. Mischke,S. Shmatov,D. Moisă,M. Monteno,N. Mondal,S. Moretto,Michel Morel,T. Morhardt,A. Suaide,J. Murata,M. Mucchi,V. Muccifora,E. Mudnić,H. Müller,W. Mueller,J. Muñoz,D. Mura,S. Murray,J.F. Muraz,A. Musso,C. Nattrass,Basanta Nandi,E. Nappi,F. Navach,A. Alkin,L. Nellen,J. Newby,B.S. Nielsen,S. Nikolaev,R. Lea,V. Nikolic,S. Piano,M.A. Nitti,N. Novitzky,F. Noto,D. Nouais,Virginie Marécal,A. Ogawa,M. Oinonen,I.A. Oleks,Erling Olsen,V. Onuchìn,C. Oppedisano,F. Orsini,A Ortiz-Velázquez,C.J. Oskamp,Y. Pachmayer,F. Osmic,L. Österman,I. Otterlund,M. Pachr,P. Pagano,C. Pajares,A. Pandey,M. Bogomilov,A. Palmeri,Giuliano Pancaldi,R. Panse,A. Pantaleo,E. Ryabinkin,V. Paticchio,C. Pastore,О.О. Патаракин,Giovanni Patimo,T. Peitzmann,Y. Pénichot,A. Pepato,H. Pereira,D. Peresunko,J. Griffo,D. Perini,F. Ronchetti,A. Pesci,V. Peskov,L. Perini,J. Peyré,A. Piccotti,P. Pichot,Michele Pinchera,You Zhou,R. Pilastrini,E. Botta,Ombretta Pinazza,B Pini,L. Pinsky,V. Morais,V. Pismennaya,F. Piuz,R. Platt,S. Plumeri,M. Planinić,T. Pocheptsov,Pedro Podesta,Francesca Poggio,N. Poljak,T. Poghosyan,A. Pop,V. Polyakov,B. Pommeresch,F. Pompei,S. Popescu,F. Posa,R. Preghenella,F. Prino,C. Pruneau,Lucian Prodan,F. Rossi,M. Protsenko,A. Przybyla,M. Przybycień,Alfredo Pulvirenti,A. Punin,J. Putschke,J. Quartieri,E. Quercigh,I. Rachevskaya,P. Bartalini,A. Rademakers,S. Radomski,A. Radu,L. Ramello,Paul Ray,S. Raniwala,Ole Rasmussen,J. Rasson,V. Razin,J.S. Réal,C. Reichling,C. Renard,G. Renault,D. Veberič,V. Riabov,Klaus Reygers,H. Ricaud,L. Riccati,P. Závada,F. Riggi,L.-M. Rigalleau,M. Cahuantzi,E. Rindel,J. Riso,Matteo Rizzi,V. Rizzi,K. Røed,S Román-López,M. Romanato,R. Romita,P. Rosinský,S. Rossegger,A. Rossi,V Rostchin,F. Rotondo,R. Rui,A. Roy,L. Royer,G. Rubin,André Rubio,N. Schmitz,G. Russo,V. Ruuskanen,S. Sadovsky,Karel Šafařík,R. Sahoo,S. Sakai,S. Salur,V. Samsonov,L. Šándor,A. Sandoval,H. Sann,J.C. Santiard,G. Sargsyan,P. Saturnini,E. Scapparone,F. Scarlassara,B Schackert,Claudiu Schiaua,R. Schicker,T Schioler,J.D. Schippers,C. Schmidt,Rolf Schneider,K. Schossmaier,E. Schyns,G. Scioli,Hilary Snow,S. Sedykh,S. Serci,S. Sellitto,F. Semeria,Henri Seppänen,L. Serkin,Stefania Serra,T Sesselmann,I. Sgura,N. Sharma,S. Sharma,E. Sharkov,K. Shileev,P. Shukla,Alexandr Shurygin,M Shurygina,D. Silvermyr,T. Siemiarczuk,M.-H. Sigward,A. Silenzi,Riccardo Silvestri,E. Simili,V. Simion,R.S. Simon,L. Simonetti,Vikas Singhal,Bikash Sinha,T. Sinha,Madschen Siska,D. Das,Bernhard Skaali,Piotr Skowroński,M. Słodkowski,R. Soltz,L. Smykov,W. Snoeys,Carsten Soegaard,Jette Sørensen,O. Sokolov,A. Soloviev,H.K. Soltveit,W. Sommer,C. Soós,F. Soramel,S. Sørensen,D. Soyk,J. Stachel,F. Staley,I. Stan,Aleksey Stavinskiy,Jens Steckert,G. Stefanini,E. Stenlund,Ernst Stelzer,M. Stockmeier,N. Rompotis,P. Stolpovsky,T. Sugitate,J.-S. Stutzmann,G.H. Su,T. Susa,Kiran Kumar,D. Swoboda,James Symons,J. Takahashi,J. Takaki,M. Szuba,P. Szymański,Matevž Tadel,C. Tagridis,L Tan,H. Taureg,C. Terrevoli,T. Virgili,T. Grégoire,T. Tolyhy,Nataliya Topilskaya,C. Matos,H. Torii,F. Tosello,A. Tournaire,G. Tröger,W. Tromeur,R. Turrisi,W. Trzaska,G. Tsiledakis,A. Tsvetkov,M. Turcato,Matteo Tuveri,H. Tydesjö,L. Tykarski,Konrad Tywoniuk,E. Ugolini,Kjetil Ullaland,B. Vachon,G. Usaı́,M. Usseglio,A. Vacchi,C. Kiesling,A. Brink,Pierre Vyvre,S. Vallecorsa,S. Vanzetto,J.P. Vanuxem,M. Vargas,V. Vechernin,A. Vascotto,A. Vasiliev,M. Vassiliou,P. Vasta,M. Verweij,W. Verhoeven,Francesco Veronese,I. Vetlitskiy,V.A. Victorov,Linda Viđak,G. Viesti,Y. Vinogradov,G. Volpe,A.S. Vodopianov,Minjung Kim,B. Vulpescu,C. Wabnitz,V. Wagner,L. Wallet,R. Wan,M. Weber,X. Wang,R. Wheadon,Robert Weis,Q. Wen,S. Vallero,Jytte Westergaard,Jens Wiechula,A Wiesenaecker,W. Sakumoto,A. Wilk,G. Wilk,C. Williams,N. Willis,Bernd Windelband,R. Witt,H. Woehri,K. Wyllie,C. Xu,K. Yip,H. Yang,B Ky,B. Yuting,E. Zabrodin,S. Zagato,B. Zagreev,P Zaharia,A. Zalite,G. Zampa,Chiara Zampolli,Y Zanevskiy,O. Zaudtke,A. Zepeda,M. Zhalov,V. Zeter,A. Uysal,S. Zhou,G.Y. Zhu,A. Zichichi,A. Zinchenko,Y. Zoccarato,A. Zubarev,A. Zucchini,M Zuffa,Andrea Alici,Johan Alme,Torsten Alt,Laurent Aphecetche,Tome Antičić,Federico Antinori,Roberta Arnaldi,Sang Ahn,Mohd Azmi,Janusz Oleniacz,Roberto Barbera,Dagmar Adamová,Gianluca Rinella,Alexander Akindinov,Bruno Alessandro,Anton Andronic,David d’Enterria,Alberto Baldisseri,Gergely Barnaföldi,Sumit Basu,Guillaume Batigne,Stefania Beolè,Christian Klein-Boesing
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Aug 14, 2008
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Abstract
ALICE (A Large Ion Collider Experiment) is a general-purpose, heavy-ion detector at the CERN LHC which focuses on QCD, the strong-interaction sector of the Standard Model. It is designed to address the physics of strongly interacting matter and the quark-gluon plasma at extreme values of energy density and temperature in nucleus-nucleus collisions. Besides running with Pb ions, the physics programme includes collisions with lighter ions, lower energy running and dedicated proton-nucleus runs. ALICE will also take data with proton beams at the top LHC energy to collect reference data for the heavy-ion programme and to address several QCD topics for which ALICE is complementary to the other LHC detectors. The ALICE detector has been built by a collaboration including currently over 1000 physicists and engineers from 105 Institutes in 30 countries. Its overall dimensions are 16 × 16 × 26 m3 with a total weight of approximately 10 000 t. The experiment consists of 18 different detector systems each with its own specific technology choice and design constraints, driven both by the physics requirements and the experimental conditions expected at LHC. The most stringent design constraint is to cope with the extreme particle multiplicity anticipated in central Pb-Pb collisions. The different subsystems were optimized to provide high-momentum resolution as well as excellent Particle Identification (PID) over a broad range in momentum, up to the highest multiplicities predicted for LHC. This will allow for comprehensive studies of hadrons, electrons, muons, and photons produced in the collision of heavy nuclei. Most detector systems are scheduled to be installed and ready for data taking by mid-2008 when the LHC is scheduled to start operation, with the exception of parts of the Photon Spectrometer (PHOS), Transition Radiation Detector (TRD) and Electro Magnetic Calorimeter (EMCal). These detectors will be completed for the high-luminosity ion run expected in 2010. This paper describes in detail the detector components as installed for the first data taking in the summer of 2008.
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