In this paper, develop a power control scheme for underwater wireless sensor networks that takes into account the impact of communication ranges on network performance, including energy utilization and delay overhead. The primary objective of our scheme is to assign a differentiated optimal communication radius for each sensor node, enhancing overall network efficiency. The proposed method utilizes energy-aware Cluster-Dragonfly Optimization (CDFO), but it might face challenges in handling large-scale optimization, and the scalability of the algorithm may be limited when dealing with high-dimensional or complex optimization. Although the proposed CDFO method exhibits high performance compared to existing methods, such as Self-Adaptive Glow Worm Swarm Optimization (SA-GWO), Improved Coyote Optimization Algorithm (ICOA), Hybrid Cat Cheetah Optimization algorithm (HCCOA), and Chaotic Search-and-Rescue Optimization (CSRO), it may still face challenges in terms of handling large-scale optimization. Nevertheless, the proposed CDFO yields impressive results, achieving a Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) of 99%, Packet Loss Ratio (PLR) of 4%, Energy Consumption of 9%, and Alive Node count of 330. These outcomes outperform existing methods in the context of Underwater WSN.

Energy-Efficient Routing in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks Through Cluster-Dragonfly Optimization