Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks, 1990–2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015

H Anderson,Victoria Bachman,Zulfiqar Bhutta,Michael Bräuer,Daniel Casey,Matthew Coates,Fiona Charlson,Kristen Delwiche,Kara Estep,Joseph Frostad,Alize Ferrari,Hmwe Kyu,Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh,Peter Gething,Erica Slepak,Bernadette Thomas,Simon Hay,Yohannes Kinfu,Cristiana Abbafati,Heidi Larson,Foad Abd-Allah,Semaw Abera,Victor Aboyans,Peter Allebeck,Rafael Lozano,Laurie Marczak,Niveen Abu-Rmeileh,Ali Mokdad,Ademola Adelekan,Bruce Neal,Arsène Adou,José Adsuar,Ashkan Afshin,Emilie Agardh,Mazin Khabouri,Faris Lami,Sayed Alam,Deena Alasfoor,Mohammed Albittar,Gunn Aasvang,Amanuel Abajobir,Zewdie Alemu,Rafael Alfonso‐Cristancho,Samia Alhabib,Mohammed Ali,François Alla,Peter Allen,Alaa Badawi,Elena Álvarez,Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán,Zanfina Ademi,Azmeraw Amare,Omid Ameli,Heresh Amini,Anurag Agrawal,Ali Kiadaliri,Carl Antonio,Palwasha Anwari,Ziyad Al‐Aly,Khurshid Alam,Valentina Arsić‐Arsenijević,Al Artaman,Robert Aldridge,Reza Assadi,Lydia Atkins,Ala’a Alkerwi,Baffour Awuah,Khalid Altirkawi,Talal Bakfalouni,Ravi Balu,Amitava Banerjee,Suzanne Barker-Collo,Sı́món Barquera,Lars Barregard,Benjamin Anderson,Ana Basto‐Abreu,Johan Ärnlöv,Sanjay Basu,Mohammed Basulaiman,Carolina Ruvalcaba,Suleman Atique,Tolesa Bekele,Ashish Awasthi,Beatriz Quintanilla,Peter Azzopardi,Habib Benzian,Eduardo Bernabé,Tariku Beyene,Kalpana Balakrishnan,Aleksandra Barać,Boris Bikbov,Aref Abdulhak,Jed Blore,Fiona Blyth,Lope Barrero,Berrak Başara,Carolina Batis,Natan Bornstein,Justin Beardsley,Neeraj Bedi,Ettore Beghi,Michael Kravchenko,Michelle Bell,Aminu Bello,Derrick Bennett,Adam Briggs,Adugnaw Berhane,Nigel Bruce,Traolach Brugha,Neeraj Bhala,Rachelle Buchbinder,Samir Bhatt,Sibhatu Biadgilign,René Botnar,Peter Burney,Ismael Campos‐Nonato,Rohan Borschmann,Alejandra Cantoral,Jack Caravanos,Rosario Cárdenas,Elisabeth Cardis,David Carpenter,Valeria Caso,David Broday,Ferrán Catalá-López,Fiorella Cavalleri,Leah Cahill,Bianca Calabria,Honglei Chen,Wanqing Chen,Zhengming Chen,Peggy Chiang,Odgerel Chimed‐Ochir,Rubén Castro,Ting-Wu Chuang,Sumeet Chugh,Massimo Círillo,Valentina Colistro,Abdulaal Chitheer,Samantha Colquhoun,Hanne Christensen,Cyrus Cooper,Liliana Ciobanu,Alejandra Contreras‐Manzano,Benjamin Cowie,Lucía Cuevas‐Nasú,James Damsere-Derry,Hadi Danawi,Rakhi Dandona,David Wood,Sarah Darby,Paul Dargan,José Neves,Adrian Davis,Kairat Davletov,Graça Lima,Louisa Degenhardt,Borja Cruz,Liana Gobbo,Don Jarlais,Muluken Dessalegn,Gabrielle deVeber,Karen Devries,Samath Dharmaratne,Cèsar Díaz-Torné,Daniel Dicker,Eric Ding,Клара Докова,E. Dorsey,Tim Driscoll,Leilei Duan,Manisha Dubey,Bruce Duncan,Richard Ellenbogen,Yousef Elshrek,Sergey Soshnikov,Holly Erskine,Alireza Esteghamati,Saman Fahimi,Farshad Farzadfar,André Faro,Maryam Farvid,Valery Feigin,Cleusa Ferri,Florian Fischer,Thomas Fleming,Tom Achoki,Kyle Foreman,Urbano Paleo,Richard Franklin,T. Furst,Emmanuela Gakidou,Amiran Gamkrelidze,Alberto García‐Basteiro,Ron Gansevoort,Amanuel Gebremedhin,Johanna Geleijnse,Bradford Gessner,Maurice Giroud,Melkamu Gishu,Giorgia Giussani,Shifalika Goenka,Mari Gómez‐Cabrera,Amador Goodridge,Sameer Gopalani,Philimon Gona,Teresita Cosío,Dinorah González-Castell,Carolyn Gotay,Atsushi Goto,Yuming Guo,Richard Guerrant,H. Gugnani,Laure Gossec,David Gunnell,Rahul Gupta,Demewoz Haile,Reyna Gutiérrez,Nima Hafezi‐Nejad,Holly Hagan,Samer Hamidi,Yara Halasa,Graeme Hankey,Mouhanad Hammami,S Harikrishnan,Hilda Harb,Mohammad Hassanvand,Kalkidan Abate,Rasmus Havmoeller,Ileana Heredia-Pi,Norberto Hernández-Llanes,Pouria Heydarpour,Hans Hoek,Kyle Heuton,Martha Hı́jar,Howard Hoffman,John Hornberger,H. Hosgood,Damian Hoy,Mohamed Hsaïri,Abdullatif Husseini,Sally Hutchings,Cheng Huang,John Huang,Bulat Idrisov,Bogdan Ileanu,Troy Jacobs,Kathryn Jacobsen,Nayu Ikeda,Henrica Jansen,Manami Inoue,Mehdi Javanbakht,Sudha Jayaraman,Achala Jayatilleke,Panniyammakal Jeemon,Vivekanand Jha,Alejandra Jauregui,Paul Jensen,Zubair Kabir,Guohong Jiang,Ritul Kamal,Jost Jonas,André Karch,Haidong Kan,Sidibe Roseline,Amir Kasaeian,Corine Karema,Ganesan Karthikeyan,Anil Kaul,Norito Kawakami,Andrew Kemp,André Kengne,Andre Keren,Yousef Khader,Shams Khalifa,Ejaz Khan,Gulfaraz Khan,Young‐Ho Khang,Irma Khonelidze,Christian Kieling,Daniel Kim,Jagdish Khubchandani,Ruth Kimokoti,Niranjan Kissoon,Miia Kivipelto,Luke Knibbs,Ann Knudsen,Yoshihiro Kokubo,Parvaiz Koul,Ai Koyanagi,Hans Kromhout,Sanjay Krishnaswami,Barthélémy Defo,Burcu Biçer,Ernst Kuipers,G Kumar,Gene Kwan,Ratilal Lalloo,Tea Lallukka,Arjun Balaji,Hilton Lam,Janet Leasher,Van Lansingh,Janni Leung,Miriam Levi,Dennis Laryea,Li Y,Alicia Lawrynowicz,Jong-Tae Lee,Giancarlo Logroscino,Paulo Lotufo,Raimundas Lunevičius,Yongmei Li,Marek Majdán,Azeem Majeed,Stephen Lim,Patrice Lindsay,Steven Lipshultz,Simin Liu,Yang Liu,Belinda Lloyd,José Martı́nez-Raga,Stephanie London,Nancy Lopez,Richard Matzopoulos,John McGrath,Martin McKee,Peter Meaney,Stefan Ma,Vasco Machado,Michael MacIntyre,Alemayehu Mekonnen,Abbas Mahdi,Reza Malekzadeh,Gert Mensink,Atte Meretoja,Tuomo Meretoja,Wagner Marcenes,Francis Mhimbira,Christopher Margono,Ted Miller,Randall Martin,Melvin Marzan,Mohammad Mashal,Felix Masiye,Alireza Mohammadi,Shafiu Mohammed,Lorenzo Monasta,Tasara Mazorodze,Marcella Montico,Lidia Morawska,Rintaro Mori,Catalina Medina,Mohan Bairwa,Fabiola Mejía‐Rodríguez,Wubegzier Mekonnen,Jean Nachega,Aliya Naheed,Ziad Memish,Walter Mendoza,John Newton,Muhammad Nisar,Ole Norheim,Rosana Norman,Santosh Mishra,Luke Nyakarahuka,Karzan Mohammad,Glen Mola,Olanrewaju Oladimeji,Pedro Olivares,Bolajoko Olusanya,Jacob Olusanya,Eyal Oren,Wilkister Moturi,Alberto Ortíz,Erika Ota,P Mahesh,Erin Mullany,Kinnari Murthy,Mohsen Naghavi,Ziad Nahas,Kovin Naidoo,Luigi Naldi,Scott Patten,Vinay Nangia,Neil Pearce,David Pereira,Norberto Perico,Konrad Pesudovs,Sudan Neupane,Michael Phillips,Frédéric Piel,Jean Ngirabega,Grant Nguyen,Nguyễn Nhung,Mark Nieuwenhuijsen,Daniel Pope,Joan Nolla,Sandra Nolte,Mostafa Qorbani,In‐Hwan Oh,Takayoshi Ohkubo,Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar,Saad Omer,John Opio,Ricardo Orozco,Rajesh Kumar,Saša Rajšić,Jeyaraj Pandian,Usha Ram,Chhabi Ranabhat,Eun‐Kee Park,Charles Parry,Ángel Paternina‐Caicedo,Amany Refaat,Colin Rehm,Boris Pavlin,Giuseppe Remuzzi,Andrea Pedroza-Tobías,Ljiljana Stokic,Ayfer Pekericli,Hirbo Roba,Alina Rodriguez,Fernando Perez‐Ruiz,David Rojas‐Rueda,Samuel Perry,Aslam Pervaiz,Gholamreza Roshandel,Dietrich Rothenbacher,Max Petzold,Hwee Phua,Dietrich Plaß,María Sánchez-Niño,Tania Sánchez-Pimienta,Suzanne Polinder,Damian Santomauro,Itamar Santos,Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez,Svetlana Popova,Maheswar Satpathy,John Powles,Dorairaj Prabhakaran,Noela Prasad,Dima Qato,Amado Quezada‐Sánchez,Ben Schöttker,Aletta Schutte,Anwar Rafay,James Scott,Soraya Seedat,Shams Rahman,Edson Serván‐Mori,Ivo Rakovac,Mayuree Rao,Homie Razavi,K Reddy,Jürgen Rehm,Jiabin Shen,Patricia Riccio,Lee Richardson,Kenji Shibuya,Margaret Robinson,Anna Roca,Rahman Shiri,Ivy Shiue,Luca Ronfani,Robin Room,Diego Silva,George Ruhago,Jonathan Silverberg,Sabin Nsanzimana,Shireen Sindi,Sukanta Saha,Jasvinder Singh,Prashant Singh,Joshua Salomon,Deborah Salvo,Uchechukwu Sampson,Juan Sanabria,Luz Sánchez,Chandrashekhar Sreeramareddy,Lidia Sanchez-Riera,Logan Sandar,Nicholas Steel,Dan Stein,Heidi Stöckl,Monika Sawhney,Konstantinos Stroumpoulis,Bruno Sunguya,J Schmidt,Ione Schneider,Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos,Ken Takahashi,Sadaf Sepanlou,Berrin Serdar,Gavin Shaddick,Hugh Taylor,Teresa Levy,Siyi Shangguan,Teketo Tegegne,Dejen Yemane,Abdullah Terkawi,JarnailS Thakur,Yukito Shinohara,Matthew Thomas,Kawkab Shishani,Amanda Thrift,Donald Silberberg,Edgar Simard,Abhishek Singh,Fotis Topouzis,Vegard Skirbekk,Bach Tran,Michael Soljak,Nikolaos Tsilimparis,Abera Tura,Luciano Sposato,Kingsley Ukwaja,Eduardo Undurraga,Chigozie Uneke,Olalekan Uthman,Jim Os,Natalie Stephens,Lennert Veerman,Lela Sturua,Soumya Swaminathan,Mamta Swaroop,Bryan Sykes,Karen Tabb,Yuan‐Pang Wang,Roberto Talongwa,Elisabete Weiderpass,David Tanné,Mohammad Tavakkoli,Harvey Whiteford,Tissa Wijeratne,Charles Wiysonge,José Texcalac-Sangrador,Anthony Woolf,Blake Thomson,Andrew Thorne‐Lyman,Gelin Xu,George Thurston,Bereket Yakob,Myriam Tobollik,Marcello Tonelli,Pengpeng Ye,Hideaki Toyoshima,Jefferson Traebert,Seok‐Jun Yoon,Mustafa Younis,Matias Trillini,Zoubida Zaidi,Maysaa Zaki,Miltiadis Tsilimbaris,E. Tuzcu,Uche Uchendu,Liesl Zühlke,Selen Uzun,Steven Vijver,Rita Dingenen,Coen Gool,Yuri Varakin,Tommi Vasankari,Ana Vasconcelos,Monica Vavilala,Péter Vollenweider,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Lakshmi Vijayakumar,Salvador Villalpando,Francesco Violante,Vasily Vlassov,Stein Vollset,Gregory Wagner,Stephen Waller,Mitchell Wallin,Xia Wan,Haidong Wang,Jianli Wang,Lınhong Wang,Wenzhi Wang,Yanping Wang,Tati Warouw,Charlotte Watts,Scott Weichenthal,Robert Weintraub,Andrea Werdecker,K. Wessells,Ronny Westerman,James Wilkinson,Hywel Williams,Thomas Williams,Solomon Woldeyohannes,Charles Wolfe,John Wong,Jonathan Wright,Brittany Wurtz,Lijing Yan,Gonghuan Yang,Yuichiro Yano,Muluken Azage,Gökalp Yentür,Paul Yip,Naohiro Yonemoto,Zourkaleini Younoussi,Chuanhua Yu,Yong Zhao,Yuan Lu,Maigeng Zhou,Jun Zhu,Shankuan Zhu,Xiaonong Zou,Joseph Zunt,Alan López,Theo Vos,Chris Murray,Stan Biryukov,Richard Burnett,Aaron Cohen,Marie Ng,Joseph Wagner,Jerry Abraham,Ibrahim Abubakar,Tania Aburto,Koranteng Adofo,Miguel Alegretti,Alicia Aleman,Raghib Ali,Adansi Amankwaa,Emmanuel Ameh,Walid Ammar,Solveig Cunningham,Rana Asghar,Charles Atkinson,Marco Avila,Maria Bahit,Shivanthi Balalla,Ryan Barber,Simón Barquera,Tonatiuh Barrientos-Gutierrez,Arindam Basu