Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 328 diseases and injuries for 195 countries, 1990–2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Kalkidan Abate,Cristiana Abbafati,Kaja Abbas,Foad Abd-Allah,Rizwan Abdulkader,Abdishakur Abdulle,Teshome Abebo,Semaw Abera,Victor Aboyans,Laith Abu‐Raddad,Ilana Ackerman,Abdu Adamu,Olatunji Adetokunboh,Mohsen Afarideh,Ashkan Afshin,Sanjay Agarwal,Rakesh Aggarwal,Anurag Agrawal,Sutapa Agrawal,Hamid Ahmadieh,Muktar Ahmed,Miloud Aichour,Amani Aichour,Ibtihel Aichour,Sneha Aiyar,Rufus Akinyemi,Nadia Akseer,Faris Lami,Fares Alahdab,Ziyad Al‐Aly,Khurshid Alam,Noore Alam,Tahiya Alam,Deena Alasfoor,Kefyalew Alene,Raghib Ali,Reza Alizadeh‐Navaei,Ala’a Alkerwi,François Alla,Peter Allebeck,Christine Allen,Fatma Al‐Maskari,Rajaa Al‐Raddadi,Alaa Badawi,Shirina Alsowaidi,Khalid Altirkawi,Azmeraw Amare,Erfan Amini,Yaw Amoako,Hjalte Andersen,Carl Antonio,Palwasha Anwari,Johan Ärnlöv,Al Artaman,Krishna Aryal,Hamid Asayesh,Solomon Asgedom,Reza Assadi,Tesfay Atey,Niguse Atnafu,Sachin Atre,Leticia Ávila‐Burgos,Euripide Avokphako,Ashish Awasthi,Umar Bacha,Kalpana Balakrishnan,Amitava Banerjee,Marlena Bannick,Aleksandra Barać,Heresh Amini,Suzanne Barker‐Collo,Till Bärnighausen,Simón Barquera,Lars Barregård,Lope Barrero,Sanjay Basu,Bob Battista,Katherine Battle,Bernhard Baune,Shahrzad Bazargan‐Hejazi,Justin Beardsley,Neeraj Bedi,Ettore Beghi,Yannick Béjot,Bayu Bekele,Michelle Bell,Derrick Bennett,Isabela Benseñor,Jennifer Benson,Adugnaw Berhane,Derbew Berhe,Eduardo Bernabé,Balem Betsu,Mircea Beuran,Tesfalidet Tekelab,Neeraj Bhala,Anil Bhansali,Samir Bhatt,Zulfiqar Bhutta,Sibhatu Biadgilign,Burcu Biçer,Kelly Bienhoff,Boris Bikbov,Charles Birungi,Stan Biryukov,Donal Bisanzio,Habtamu Bizuayehu,Dube Boneya,Soufiane Boufous,Rupert Bourne,Traolach Brugha,Rachelle Buchbinder,Lemma Bulto,Blair Bumgarner,Zahid Butt,Lucero Cahuana-Hurtado,Ewan Cameron,Mate Car,Hélène Carabin,Jonathan Carapetis,Rosario Cárdenas,David Carpenter,Juan Carrero,Austin Carter,Félix Carvalho,Daniel Casey,Valeria Caso,Carlos Castañeda-Orjuela,Chris Castle,Ferrán Catalá-López,Hsing‐Yi Chang,Jung‐Chen Chang,Fiona Charlson,Honglei Chen,Mirriam Chibalabala,Chioma Chibueze,Vesper Chisumpa,Abdulaal Chitheer,Devasahayam Christopher,Liliana Ciobanu,Massimo Círillo,Danny Colombara,Cyrus Cooper,Paolo Cortesi,Benjamin Cowie,John Crump,Abel Dadi,Koustuv Dalal,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,José Neves,Dragoş Daviţoiu,Barbora Courten,Leo Stockfelt,Barthélémy Defo,Louisa Degenhardt,Selina Deiparine,Kebede Deribe,Don Jarlais,Subhojit Dey,Samath Dharmaratne,Preet Dhillon,Daniel Dicker,Eric Ding,Shirin Djalalinia,Huyen Phuc,E. Dorsey,Kadine Santos,Dirk Douwes‐Schultz,Kerrie Doyle,Tim Driscoll,Manisha Dubey,Bruce Duncan,Ziad El‐Khatib,Jerisha Ellerstrand,Ahmadali Enayati,Aman Endries,Holly Erskine,Alireza Esteghamati,Sharareh Eskandarieh,Kara Estep,Fanuel Fanuel,Giancarlo Cesana,André Faro,Farshad Farzadfar,Mir Fazeli,Valery Feigin,Seyed‐Mohammad Fereshtehnejad,João Fernandes,Alize Ferrari,Tesfaye Feyissa,Irina Filip,Florian Fischer,Christina Fitzmaurice,Luísa Flor,Kyle Foreman,Richard Franklin,Nancy Fullman,Thomas Fürst,João Furtado,Neal Futran,Emmanuela Gakidou,Morsaleh Ganji,Alberto García‐Basteiro,Teshome Gebre,Tsegaye Gebrehiwot,Ayele Geleto,Bikila Lencha,Hailay Gesesew,Peter Gething,Alireza Ghajar,Katherine Gibney,Paramjit Gill,Giorgia Giussani,Ibrahim Ginawi,Ababi Giref,Melkamu Gishu,William Godwin,Audra Gold,Ellen Goldberg,Philimon Gona,Amador Goodridge,Sameer Gopalani,Atsushi Goto,Alessandra Goulart,Max Griswold,H. Gugnani,Rahul Gupta,Rajeev Gupta,Tanush Gupta,Vipin Gupta,Nima Hafezi‐Nejad,Gessessew Hailu,Alemayehu Hailu,Randah Hamadeh,Samer Hamidi,Alexis Handal,Graeme Hankey,Sarah Lewington,Yuantao Hao,Hilda Harb,Habtamu Hareri,Josep Haro,James Harvey,Mohammad Hassanvand,Rasmus Havmoeller,Caitlin Hawley,Simon Hay,Roderick Hay,Nathaniel Henry,Ileana Heredia-Pi,Julio Hernandez,Pouria Heydarpour,Hans Hoek,Howard Hoffman,Nobuyuki Horita,H. Hosgood,Sorin Hostiuc,Peter Hotez,Damian Hoy,Aung Htet,Guoqing Hu,Hsiang Huang,Chantal Huynh,Kim Iburg,Ehimario Igumbor,Chad Ikeda,Caleb Irvine,Kathryn Jacobsen,Nader Jahanmehr,Mihajlo Jakovljević,Simerjot Jassal,Mehdi Javanbakht,Sudha Jayaraman,Panniyammakal Jeemon,Paul Jensen,Vivekanand Jha,Guohong Jiang,Denny John,Sarah Johnson,Catherine Johnson,Jost Jonas,Mikk Jürisson,Zubair Kabir,Rajendra Kadel,Amaha Kahsay,Ritul Kamal,Haidong Kan,Nadim Karam,André Karch,Corine Karema,Amir Kasaeian,Getachew Kassa,Nigussie Kassaw,Nicholas Kassebaum,Anshul Kastor,Srinivasa Katikireddi,Anil Kaul,Norito Kawakami,Peter Keiyoro,André Kengne,Andre Keren,Yousef Khader,Fakher Rahim,Ejaz Khan,Young‐Ho Khang,Ardeshir Khosravi,Jagdish Khubchandani,Ali Kiadaliri,Christian Kieling,Young‐Eun Kim,Daniel Kim,Pauline Kim,Ruth Kimokoti,Yohannes Kinfu,Adnan Kısa,Katarzyna Kissimova‐Skarbek,Mika Kivimäki,Ann Knudsen,Yoshihiro Kokubo,Dhaval Kolte,Jacek Kopec,Soewarta Kosen,Parvaiz Koul,Ai Koyanagi,Michael Kravchenko,Sanjay Krishnaswami,Kristopher Krohn,G Kumar,Pushpendra Kumar,Sanjiv Kumar,Hmwe Kyu,Dharmesh Lal,Ratilal Lalloo,Nkurunziza Lambert,Qing Lan,Miriam Levi,Li Y,Janet Leasher,Paul Lee,Jong-Tae Lee,James Leigh,Cheru Leshargie,Janni Leung,Ricky Leung,Yongmei Li,Darya Kappe,Azeem Majeed,Misgan Liben,Stephen Lim,Shai Linn,Patrick Liu,Angela Liu,Simin Liu,Yang Liu,Rakesh Ghosh,Giancarlo Logroscino,Stephanie London,Katharine Looker,Alan López,Stefan Lorkowski,Paulo Lotufo,Nicola Low,Rafael Lozano,Tim Lucas,Erlyn Macarayan,Hassan Razek,Mohammed Razek,Mahdi Mahdavi,Marek Majdán,Reza Majdzadeh,Reza Malekzadeh,Rajesh Malhotra,Déborah Malta,Abdullah Mamun,Helena Manguerra,Treh Manhertz,Ana Mantilla,LG Mantovani,Chabila Mapoma,Laurie Marczak,José Martínez‐Raga,Francisco Martins‐Melo,Ira Martopullo,Winfried März,Manu Mathur,Mohsen Mazidi,Colm McAlinden,Madeline McGaughey,John McGrath,Martin McKee,Claire McNellan,Suresh Mehata,Mohan Bairwa,Tefera Mekonnen,Peter Memiah,Ziad Memish,Walter Mendoza,Mubarek Abera,Desalegn Mengistu,George Mensah,Tuomo Meretoja,Atte Meretoja,Haftay Mezgebe,Muhammad Nisar,Anoushka Millear,Ted Miller,Ole Norheim,Mojde Mirarefin,Erkin Мirrakhimov,Awoke Misganaw,Shiva Mishra,Philip Mitchell,Karzan Mohammad,Alireza Mohammadi,Kedir Mohammed,Shafiu Mohammed,Sanjay Mohanty,Ali Mokdad,Sarah Mollenkopf,Lorenzo Monasta,Marcella Montico,Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh,Paula Moraga,Rintaro Mori,Chloe Morozoff,Shane Morrison,Mark Moses,Cliff Mountjoy-Venning,Kalayu Mruts,Erika Ota,Kate Muller,Michele Murdoch,Sureshkumar Kamalakannan,Kamarul Musa,Jean Nachega,Gabriele Nagel,Mohsen Naghavi,Aliya Naheed,Kovin Naidoo,Luigi Naldi,Vinay Nangia,Natarajan Gopalakrishnan,Dumessa Edessa,Ruxandra Negoi,Ionuţ Negoi,Charles Newton,Josephine Ngunjiri,Trang Nguyen,Quyen Nguyen,Cuong Nguyen,Grant Nguyen,Michele Nguyen,Emma Nichols,Dina Ningrum,Sandra Nolte,Vuong Nong,Mostafa Qorbani,Jean Noubiap,Martin O’Donnell,Felix Ogbo,In‐Hwan Oh,Anselm Okoro,Olanrewaju Oladimeji,Tinuke Olagunju,Andrew Olagunju,Helen Olsen,Bolajoko Olusanya,Jacob Olusanya,Sok Ong,John Opio,Eyal Oren,Alberto Ortíz,Aaron Osgood‐Zimmerman,Majdi Osman,Mayowa Owolabi,P Mahesh,Rosana Norman,Adrian Pană,Basant Panda,Chhabi Ranabhat,Eun‐Kee Park,Charles Parry,Iris Pigeot,Scott Patten,George Patton,Katherine Paulson,Neil Pearce,David Pereira,Norberto Perico,Konrad Pesudovs,Carrie Peterson,Max Petzold,Michael Phillips,David Pigott,Julian Pillay,Christine Pinho,Dietrich Plaß,Martin Pletcher,Svetlana Popova,Richie Poulton,Farshad Pourmalek,Dorairaj Prabhakaran,Noela Prasad,Narayan Prasad,Caroline Purcell,Reginald Quansah,Beatriz Quintanilla,Rynaz Rabiee,Amir Radfar,Anwar Rafay,Kazem Rahimi,Afarin Rahimi‐Movaghar,Vafa Rahimi‐Movaghar,Mohammad Rahman,Mahfuzar Rahman,Rajesh Kumar,Saša Rajšić,Usha Ram,Zane Rankin,Puja Rao,Paturi Rao,Salman Rawaf,Sarah Ray,Robert Reiner,Nikolas Reinig,Marissa Reitsma,Giuseppe Remuzzi,André Renzaho,Serge Resnikoff,Satar Rezaei,Antonio Jimeno,Luca Ronfani,Gholamreza Roshandel,Gregory Roth,Ambuj Roy,Enrico Rubagotti,George Ruhago,Soheil Saadat,Nafis Sadat,Mahdi Safdarian,Sare Safi,Saeid Safiri,Rajesh Sagar,Ramesh Sahathevan,Joseph Salama,Huda Saleem,Joshua Salomon,Sundeep Salvi,Abdallah Samy,Juan Sanabria,Damian Santomauro,Itamar Santos,João Santos,Milena Santric-Milicevic,Benn Sartorius,Maheswar Satpathy,Monika Sawhney,Sonia Saxena,María Schmidt,Ione Schneider,Ben Schöttker,Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos,Falk Schwendicke,Soraya Seedat,Sadaf Sepanlou,Edson Serván‐Mori,Tesfaye Setegn,Katya Shackelford,Amira Shaheen,Mansour Shamsipour,Sheikh Islam,Jayendra Sharma,Rajesh Sharma,Jun She,Peilin Shi,Chloe Shields,Girma Shifa,Luz Reynales-Shigematsu,Yukito Shinohara,Rahman Shiri,Reza Shirkoohi,Shreya Shirude,Kawkab Shishani,Mark Shrime,Abla Sibai,Inga Sigfúsdóttir,Diego Silva,João Silva,Dayane Silveira,Jasvinder Singh,Narinder Singh,Dhirendra Sinha,Eirini Skiadaresi,Vegard Skirbekk,Erica Slepak,Amber Sligar,David Smith,Mari Smith,Badr Sobaih,Eugène Sobngwi,Reed Sorensen,Tatiane Sousa,Luciano Sposato,Chandrashekhar Sreeramareddy,Vinay Srinivasan,Jeffrey Stanaway,Chigozie Uneke,Nicholas Steel,Murray Stein,Dan Stein,Timothy Steiner,Caitlyn Steiner,Sabine Steinke,Mark Stokes,Wilma Stolk,Bryan Strub,Michelle Subart,Mu’awiyyah Sufiyan,Bruno Sunguya,Patrick Sur,Soumya Swaminathan,Bryan Sykes,Dillon Sylte,Getachew Taffere,Jukka Takala,Nikhil Tandon,Mohammad Tavakkoli,Nuno Taveira,Hugh Taylor,Arash Tehrani‐Banihashemi,Abdullah Terkawi,Dawit Tesfaye,Belay Tesssema,Ornwipa Thamsuwan,Katie Thomas,Amanda Thrift,Tenaw Tiruye,Ruoyan Tobe-Gai,Mette Tollånes,Marcello Tonelli,Roman Topór-Mądry,Miguel Tortajada,Mathilde Touvier,Bach Tran,Surya Kant,Christopher Troeger,Derrick Tsoi,Kald Tuem,E. Tuzcu,Stefanos Tyrovolas,Kingsley Ukwaja,Eduardo Undurraga,Rachel Updike,Olalekan Uthman,Benjamin Uzochukwu,Job Boven,Santosh Varughese,Tommi Vasankari,S Venkatesh,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Ramesh Vidavalur,Francesco Violante,Sergey Vladimirov,Vasily Vlassov,Stein Vollset,Fiseha Wadilo,Tolassa Wakayo,Yuan‐Pang Wang,Marcia Weaver,Scott Weichenthal,Elisabete Weiderpass,Robert Weintraub,Andrea Werdecker,Ronny Westerman,Harvey Whiteford,Tissa Wijeratne,Charles Wiysonge,Charles Wolfe,Rachel Woodbrook,Anthony Woolf,Abdulhalik Workicho,Denis Xavier,Gelin Xu,Simon Yadgir,Mohsen Yaghoubi,Bereket Yakob,Lijing Yan,Yuichiro Yano,Pengpeng Ye,Hamid Hassen,Paul Yip,Naohiro Yonemoto,Seok‐Jun Yoon,Marcel Yotebieng,Mustafa Younis,Zoubida Zaidi,Maysaa Zaki,Elias Zegeye,Zerihun Zenebe,Xueying Zhang,Maigeng Zhou,Ben Zipkin,Sanjay Zodpey,Liesl Zühlke,Christopher Murray,Imran Nisar,Shazia Alam,Walid Ammar,Ryan Barber