Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Cristiana Abbafati,Kaja Abbas,Mohammad Abbasi,Mitra Abbasifard,Mohsen Abbasi‐Kangevari,Hedayat Abbastabar,Foad Abd-Allah,Ahmed Abdelalim,Mohammad Abdollahi,Ibrahim Abdollahpour,Hassan Abolhassani,Victor Adekanmbi,Elissa Abrams,Lucas Abreu,Michael Abrigo,Laith Abu‐Raddad,Abdelrahman Abushouk,Alyssa Acebedo,Ilana Ackerman,Maryam Adabi,Abdu Adamu,Oladimeji Adebayo,Jaimie Steinmetz,Olatunji Adetokunboh,Davoud Adham,Mahdi Afshari,Ashkan Afshin,Emilie Agardh,Gina Agarwal,Kareha Agesa,Mohammad Aghaali,Seyed Aghamir,Anurag Agrawal,Tauseef Ahmad,Alireza Ahmadi,Mehdi Ahmadi,Hamid Ahmadieh,Ehsan Ahmadpour,Temesgen Akalu,Rufus Akinyemi,Tomi Akinyemiju,Blessing Akombi-Inyang,Ziyad Al‐Aly,Khurshid Alam,Noore Alam,Shazia Alam,Tahiya Alam,Turki Alanzi,Samuel Albertson,Jacqueline Alcalde‐Rabanal,Niguse Alema,Muhammad Ali,Saqib Ali,Gianfranco Alicandro,Mehran Alijanzadeh,Ahmad Alfaar,Vahid Yazdi‐Feyzabadi,Syed Aljunid,François Alla,Peter Allebeck,Amir Almasi‐Hashiani,Jordi Alonso,Rajaa Al‐Raddadi,Khalid Altirkawi,Nelson Alvis‐Guzmán,Nelson Alvis-Zakzuk,Saeed Amini,Mostafa Amini‐Rarani,Arya Aminorroaya,Fatemeh Amiri,Arianna Amit,Dickson Amugsi,Gianna Amul,Deanna Anderlini,Cătălina Andrei,Tudorel Andrei,Mina Anjomshoa,Fereshteh Ansari,Iman Ansari,Sahar Moghaddam,Giancarlo Cesana,Eman Abu‐Gharbieh,Ernoiz Antriyandarti,Davood Anvari,Razique Anwer,Jalal Arabloo,Morteza Arab‐Zozani,Aleksandr Aravkin,Filippo Ariani,Johan Ärnlöv,Jennifer Baker,Afsaneh Arzani,Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi,Ali Asadi‐Pooya,Babak Asghari,Charlie Ashbaugh,Desta Atnafu,Sachin Atre,Floriane Ausloos,Marcel Ausloos,Beatriz Quintanilla,Getinet Ayano,Martin Ayanore,Yared Aynalem,Samad Azari,Ghasem Azarian,Zelalem Azene,Ebrahim Babaee,Alaa Badawi,Mojtaba Bagherzadeh,Mohammad Heydari,Ahad Bakhtiari,Senthilkumar Balakrishnan,Shivanthi Balalla,Shelly Balassyano,Maciej Banach,Palash Banik,Marlena Bannick,Agegnehu Bante,Gebre Demoz,Miguel Barboza,Suzanne Barker‐Collo,Celine Barthelemy,Lingkan Barua,Akbar Barzegar,Sanjay Basu,Bernhard Baune,Mohsen Bayati,Gholamreza Bazmandegan,Neeraj Bedi,Ettore Beghi,Yannick Béjot,Aminu Bello,Rose Bender,Derrick Bennett,Fiona Bennitt,Isabela Benseñor,Catherine Benziger,Kidanemaryam Berhe,Eduardo Bernabé,Gregory Bertolacci,Bhageerathy Reshmi,Neeraj Bhala,Dinesh Bhandari,Pankaj Bhardwaj,Krittika Bhattacharyya,Zulfiqar Bhutta,Sadia Bibi,Molly Biehl,Boris Bikbov,Muhammad Sayeed,Antonio Biondi,Binyam Birhane,Donal Bisanzio,Catherine Bisignano,Raaj Biswas,Somayeh Bohlouli,Mehdi Bohluli,Srinivasa Bolla,Archith Boloor,Alexandra Boon-Dooley,Guilherme Borges,Antonio Borzì,Rupert Bourne,Oliver Brady,Michael Bräuer,Carol Brayne,Nicholas Breitborde,Hermann Brenner,Paul Briant,Andrew Briggs,Н. Брико,Gabrielle Britton,Dana Bryazka,Rachelle Buchbinder,Blair Bumgarner,Reinhard Busse,Zahid Butt,Florentino Santos,Luis Cámera,Ismael Campos‐Nonato,Josip Car,Rosario Cárdenas,Giulia Carreras,Juan Carrero,Félix Carvalho,João Castaldelli-Maia,Carlos Castañeda-Orjuela,Giulio Castelpietra,Chris Castle,Franz Castro,Ferrán Catalá-López,Kate Causey,Christopher Cederroth,Kelly Cercy,Ester Cerin,Joht Chandan,Alex Chang,Fiona Charlson,Vijay Chattu,Sarika Chaturvedi,Odgerel Chimed‐Ochir,Ken Takahashi,Daniel Cho,Hanne Christensen,Dinh‐Toi Chu,Michael Chung,Flavia Cicuttini,Liliana Ciobanu,Massimo Círillo,Emma Collins,Kelly Compton,Sara Conti,Ángel Paternina‐Caicedo,Vera Costa,Ewerton Cousin,Richard Cowden,Benjamin Cowie,Elizabeth Cromwell,Di Cross,Christopher Crowe,Jessica Fanzo,Matthew Cunningham,Saad Dahlawi,Giovanni Damiani,Lalit Dandona,Rakhi Dandona,Aso Darwesh,Ahmad Daryani,Jai Das,Rajat Gupta,José Neves,Claudio Dávila-Cervantes,Kairat Davletov,Leo Stockfelt,Frances Dean,Nicole DeCleene,Amanda Deen,Louisa Degenhardt,Feleke Demeke,Desalegn Demsie,Edgar Denova‐Gutiérrez,Nebiyu Dereje,Nikolaos Dervenis,Rupak Desai,Assefa Desalew,Getenet Dessie,Samath Dharmaratne,Govinda Dhungana,Mostafa Dianatinasab,Daniel Díaz,Zahra Forooshani,Zachary Dingels,M. Dirac,Shirin Djalalinia,Hoa Do,Клара Докова,Fariba Dorostkar,Chirag Doshi,Leila Doshmangir,Abdel Douiri,Matthew Doxey,Tim Driscoll,Susanna Dunachie,Bruce Duncan,André Durães,Arielle Eagan,Mohammad Kalan,David Edvardsson,Joshua Ehrlich,Nevine Nahas,Iman Sayed,Maha Tantawi,Iffat Elbarazi,Islam Elgendy,Hala Elhabashy,Shaimaa El-Jaafary,Iqbal Elyazar,Mohammad Emamian,Sophia Emmons‐Bell,Holly Erskine,Alireza Esteghamati,Sharareh Eskandarieh,Saman Esmaeilnejad,Firooz Esmaeilzadeh,Kara Estep,Arash Etemadi,Atkilt Etisso,Mohammad Farahmand,Anwar Faraj,Mohammad Fareed,Roghiyeh Faridnia,Andrea Farioli,André Faro,Mithila Faruque,Farshad Farzadfar,Nazir Fattahi,Mehdi Fazlzadeh,Valery Feigin,Rachel Feldman,Seyed‐Mohammad Fereshtehnejad,Eduarda Fernandes,Alize Ferrari,Manuela Ferreira,Irina Filip,Florian Fischer,James Fisher,Ryan Fitzgerald,Carsten Flohr,Luísa Flor,Kyle Foreman,Morẹ́nikẹ́ Foláyan,Lisa Force,Carla Fornari,Masoud Foroutan,Jack Fox,Marisa Freitas,Weijia Fu,Takeshi Fukumoto,João Furtado,Mohamed Gad,Emmanuela Gakidou,Natalie Galles,Silvano Gallus,Amiran Gamkrelidze,Alberto García‐Basteiro,William Gardner,М. Титова,Abiyu Gebrehiwot,Ketema Gebremedhin,Assefa Gebreslassie,Anna Hayoon,Peter Gething,Maryam Ghadimi,Keyghobad Ghadiri,Mansour Ghafourifard,Alireza Ghajar,Farhad Ghamari,Ahmad Ghashghaee,Hesam Ghiasvand,Nermin Ghith,Asadollah Gholamian,Syed Gilani,Paramjit Gill,Mojgan Gitimoghaddam,Giorgia Giussani,Srinivas Goli,Ricardo Gomez,Sameer Gopalani,Giuseppe Gorini,Taren Gorman,Harrison Gottlich,Houman Goudarzi,Alessandra Goulart,Bárbara Goulart,Ayman Grada,Michal Grivna,Giuseppe Grosso,Mohammed Gubari,H. Gugnani,André Guimarães,Rafael Guimarães,Rashid Guled,Gaorui Guo,Yuming Guo,Rajeev Gupta,Joshua Salomon,Beatrix Haddock,Nima Hafezi‐Nejad,Hafiz Suleria,Hailey Hagins,Teklehaimanot Haile,Brian Hall,Iman Halvaei,Randah Hamadeh,Kanaan Abdullah,Erin Hamilton,Chieh Han,Hannah Han,Graeme Hankey,Josep Haro,James Harvey,Ahmed Hasaballah,Amir Hasanzadeh,Maryam Hashemian,Soheil Hassanipour,Hadi Hassankhani,Rasmus Havmoeller,Roderick Hay,Simon Hay,Khezar Hayat,Behnam Heidari,Golnaz Heidari,Reza Heidari‐Soureshjani,Delia Hendrie,Hannah Henrikson,Nathaniel Henry,Claudiu Herţeliu,Fatemeh Heydarpour,Thomas Hird,Hans Kromhout,Michael Hole,Ramesh Holla,Praveen Hoogar,H. Hosgood,Mehdi Hosseinzadeh,Mihaela Hostiuc,Sorin Hostiuc,Mowafa Househ,Damian Hoy,Mohamed Hsaïri,Vivian Hsieh,Guoqing Hu,Tanvir Huda,Fernando Hugo,Chantal Huynh,Bing‐Fang Hwang,Vincent Iannucci,Segun Ibitoye,Kevin Ikuta,Olayinka Ilesanmi,Irena Ilić,Milena Ilić,Leeberk Inbaraj,Helen Ippolito,Seyed Irvani,Fares Alahdab,Sheikh Islam,Farhad Islami,Hiroyasu Iso,Rebecca Ivers,Chidozie Iwu,Ihoghosa Iyamu,Jalil Jaafari,Kathryn Jacobsen,Farhad Jadidi‐Niaragh,Hussain Jafari,Morteza Jafarinia,Deepa Jahagirdar,Mohammad Jahani,Nader Jahanmehr,Mihajlo Jakovljević,Amir Jalali,Farzad Jalilian,Spencer James,Hosna Janjani,Manthan Janodia,Achala Jayatilleke,Panniyammakal Jeemon,Ensiyeh Jenabi,Ravi Jha,Vivekanand Jha,John Ji,Peng Jia,Oommen John,Yetunde John-Akinola,Catherine Johnson,Sarah Johnson,Jost Jonas,Tamás Joó,Ankur Joshi,Jacek Jozwiak,Mikk Jürisson,Ali Kabir,Zubair Kabir,Hamed Kalani,Rizwan Kalani,Leila Kalankesh,Rohollah Kalhor,Zahra Kamiab,Tanuj Kanchan,Behzad Heibati,André Karch,Mohd Karim,Salah Karimi,Getachew Kassa,Nicholas Kassebaum,Srinivasa Katikireddi,Norito Kawakami,Gbenga Kayode,Suzanne Keddie,Cathleen Keller,Maia Kereselidze,Morteza Khafaie,Nauman Khalid,Maseer Khan,Khaled Khatab,Mona Khater,Mahalaqua Khatib,Maryam Khayamzadeh,Mohammad Khodayari,Roba Khundkar,Neda Kianipour,Christian Kieling,Daniel Kim,Young‐Eun Kim,Ruth Kimokoti,Adnan Kısa,Sezer Kısa,Katarzyna Kissimova‐Skarbek,Mika Kivimäki,Cameron Kneib,Ann Knudsen,Jonathan Kocarnik,Tufa Kolola,Jacek Kopec,Soewarta Kosen,Parvaiz Koul,Ai Koyanagi,Michael Kravchenko,Kewal Krishan,Kris Krohn,Barthélémy Defo,Burcu Biçer,G Kumar,Manasi Kumar,Pushpendra Kumar,Vivek Kumar,Girikumar Kumaresh,Om Kurmi,Dian Kusuma,Hmwe Kyu,Carlo Vecchia,Ben Lacey,Dharmesh Lal,Ratilal Lalloo,Jennifer Lam,Faris Lami,Iván Landires,Justin Lo,Van Lansingh,Heidi Larson,Miriam Levi,Savita Lasrado,Zohra Lassi,Kathryn Lau,Li Y,Jeffrey Lazarus,Jorge Ledesma,Paul Lee,Shaun Lee,Kate LeGrand,James Leigh,Matilde Leonardi,Haley Lescinsky,Janni Leung,Sarah Lewington,Shanshan Li,Lee‐Ling Lim,Christine Lin,Ro‐Ting Lin,Christine Linehan,Shai Linn,Hung‐Chun Liu,Simin Liu,Zichen Liu,Katharine Looker,Alan López,Platon Lopukhov,Stefan Lorkowski,Paulo Lotufo,Tim Lucas,Alessandra Lugo,Raimundas Lunevičius,Ronan Lyons,Jianing Ma,Jennifer MacLachlan,Emilie Maddison,Ralph Maddison,Fabiana Madotto,Walter Mendoza,Hue Thi,Azeem Majeed,Venkatesh Maled,Shokofeh Maleki,Reza Malekzadeh,Déborah Malta,Abdullah Mamun,Amir Manafi,Navid Manafi,Helena Manguerra,Borhan Mansouri,Mohammad Mansournia,Ana Herrera,Joemer Maravilla,Ashley Marks,Francisco Martins‐Melo,Ira Martopullo,João Massano,Benjamin Massenburg,Manu Mathur,Pallab Maulik,Colm McAlinden,John McGrath,Martin McKee,Mohan Bairwa,Fereshteh Mehri,Kala Mehta,Wahengbam Meitei,Peter Memiah,Ritesh Menezes,Endalkachew Mengesha,Meresa Mengesha,Erkin Мirrakhimov,Atte Meretoja,Tuomo Meretoja,Tomislav Meštrović,Bartosz Miazgowski,Tomasz Miazgowski,Irmina Michałek,Kebadnew Mulatu,Ted Miller,Ole Norheim,Andreea Mirică,Hamed Mirzaei,Maryam Mirzaei,Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh,Awoke Misganaw,Prasanna Mithra,Babak Moazen,Masoud Moghadaszadeh,Efat Mohamadi,Dara Mohammad,Yousef Mohammad,Naser Kamyari,Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani,George Moschonis,Reza Mohammadpourhodki,Shafiu Mohammed,Ali Mokdad,Mariam Molokhia,Natalie Momen,Lorenzo Monasta,Stefania Mondello,Meghan Mooney,Mahmood Moosazadeh,Ghobad Moradi,Masoud Moradi,Maziar Moradi‐Lakeh,Rahmatollah Moradzadeh,Paula Moraga,Linda Morales,Lidia Morawska,Ilais Velásquez,Joana Morgado-da-Costa,Shane Morrison,Jonathan Mosser,Simin Mouodi,Seyyed Mousavi,Amin Khaneghah,Erika Ota,Sandra Munro,Moses Muriithi,Kamarul Musa,Muthupandian Saravanan,Mehdi Naderi,Sharath Nagaraja,Gabriele Nagel,Behshad Naghshtabrizi,Sanjeev Nair,A. Nandi,Vinay Nangia,Jobert Nansseu,Vinod Nayak,Javad Nazari,Ionuț Negoi,Ruxandra Negoi,Henok Netsere,Josephine Ngunjiri,Cuong Nguyen,Jason Nguyen,Michele Nguyen,Emma Nichols,Dabere Nigatu,Yeshambel Nigatu,Molly Nixon,Chukwudi Nnaji,Shuhei Nomura,Mostafa Qorbani,Jean Noubiap,Christoph Nowak,Virginia Núñez-Samudio,Adrian Oƫoiu,Bogdan Oancea,Christopher Odell,Felix Ogbo,In‐Hwan Oh,Emmanuel Okunga,Morteza Oladnabi,Andrew Olagunju,Bolajoko Olusanya,Jacob Olusanya,Mojisola Oluwasanu,Ahmed Bali,Muktar Omer,Sok Ong,Obinna Onwujekwe,Aislyn Orji,Heather Orpana,Alberto Ortíz,Samuel Ostroff,Nikita Otstavnov,Stanislav Otstavnov,Simon Øverland,Mayowa Owolabi,P Mahesh,Jagadish Padubidri,Abhijit Pakhare,Raffaele Palladino,Adrian Pană,Anamika Pandey,Eun‐Kee Park,Priya Parmar,Deepak Pasupula,Sangram Patel,Ashish Pathak,Mona Pathak,Scott Patten,George Patton,Deepak Paudel,Hamidreza Pazoki‐Toroudi,Amy Peden,Alyssa Pennini,Veincent Pepito,Emmanuel Peprah,Ozren Polašek,David Pereira,Norberto Perico,Hai Pham,Michael Phillips,David Pigott,Thomas Pilgrim,Tessa Pilz,Meghdad Pirsaheb,Oleguer Plana‐Ripoll,Dietrich Plaß,Khem Pokhrel,Roman Topór-Mądry,Suzanne Polinder,Kevan Polkinghorne,Maarten Postma,Hadi Pourjafar,Farshad Pourmalek,Reza Kalhori,Akram Pourshams,Anna Poznańska,Sergio Prada,V. Prakash,Dimas Pribadi,Elisabetta Pupillo,Quazi Zahiruddin,Mohammad Rabiee,Amir Radfar,Ata Rafiee,Alireza Rafiei,Alberto Raggi,Afarin Rahimi‐Movaghar,Muhammad Rahman,Ali Rajabpour-Sanati,Fatemeh Rajati,Kiana Ramezanzadeh,Chhabi Ranabhat,Puja Rao,Sowmya Rao,Davide Rasella,Prateek Rastogi,Priya Rathi,David Rawaf,Salman Rawaf,Lal Rawal,Christian Razo,Sofia Redford,Robert Reiner,Nickolas Reinig,Marissa Reitsma,Giuseppe Remuzzi,Vishnu Renjith,André Renzaho,Serge Resnikoff,Nima Rezaei,Mohammad Rezai,Aziz Eftekhari,Phoebe-Anne Rhinehart,Seyed Riahi,Antonio Jimeno,Daniel Ribeiro,Daniela Ribeiro,Jennifer Rickard,Nicholas Roberts,Shaun Roberts,Stephen Robinson,Leonardo Roever,Sam Rolfe,Luca Ronfani,Gholamreza Roshandel,Gregory Roth,Enrico Rubagotti,Susan Rumisha,Siamak Sabour,Perminder Sachdev,Basema Saddik,Ehsan Sadeghi,Masoumeh Sadeghi,Shahram Saeidi,Sare Safi,Saeid Safiri,Rajesh Sagar,Amirhossein Sahebkar,Mohammad Sahraian,S. Sajadi,Mohammad Salahshoor,Nasir Salam,Saleh Zahabi,Hosni Salem,Marwa Salem,Hamideh Salimzadeh,Inbal Salz,Zainab Samad,Abdallah Samy,Juan Sanabria,Damian Santomauro,Itamar Santos,João Santos,Milena Santric-Milicevic,Sivan Saraswathy,Rodrigo Sarmiento-Suárez,Nizal Sarrafzadegan,Benn Sartorius,Arash Sarveazad,Brijesh Sathian,Thirunavukkarasu Sathish,Davide Sattin,Alyssa Sbarra,Lauren Schaeffer,Silvia Schiavolin,María Schmidt,Aletta Schutte,Rafael Tabarés‐Seisdedos,Falk Schwendicke,Anbissa Senbeta,Subramanian Senthilkumaran,Sadaf Sepanlou,Katya Shackelford,Jamileh Shadid,Saeed Shahabi,Amira Shaheen,Masood Shaikh,Ali Shalash,Mehran Shams-Beyranvand,Morteza Shamsizadeh,Mohammed Shannawaz,Kiomars Sharafi,Fablina Sharara,Brittney Sheena,Abbas Sheikhtaheri,Ranjitha Shetty,Kenji Shibuya,Wondimeneh Shiferaw,Luz Reynales-Shigematsu,Jae Shin,Rahman Shiri,Reza Shirkoohi,Mark Shrime,Kerem Shuval,Soraya Siabani,Inga Sigfúsdóttir,Rannveig Sigurvinsdóttir,João Silva,Kyle Simpson,Ambrish Singh,Eirini Skiadaresi,Søren Skou,Valentin Skryabin,Eugène Sobngwi,Anton Sokhan,Shahin Soltani,Reed Sorensen,Joan Soriano,Muluken Sorrie,Ireneous Soyiri,Chandrashekhar Sreeramareddy,Jeffrey Stanaway,Benjamin Stark,Simona Ștefan,Caroline Stein,Caitlyn Steiner,Timothy Steiner,Mark Stokes,Wilma Stolk,Jacob Stubbs,Agus Sudaryanto,Mu’awiyyah Sufiyan,Gerhard Sulo,Iyad Sultan,Bryan Sykes,Dillon Sylte,Miklós Szócska,Karen Tabb,Santosh Tadakamadla,Amir Taherkhani,Masih Tajdini,Nuno Taveira,Whitney Teagle,Hirut Teame,Arash Tehrani‐Banihashemi,Berhane Teklehaimanot,Sonyah Terrason,Zemenu Tessema,Giang Vu,Azalea Thomson,Hamid Tohidinik,Marcello Tonelli,Anna‐Karin Danielsson,Mathilde Touvier,Enis Veseli,Bach Tran,Ravensara Travillian,Christopher Troeger,Thomas Truelsen,Alexander Tsai,Aristidis Tsatsakis,Lorainne Car,Stefanos Tyrovolas,Riaz Uddin,Saif Ullah,Eduardo Undurraga,Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan,Marco Vacante,Alireza Vakilian,Pascual Valdéz,Santosh Varughese,Tommi Vasankari,Yasser Vasseghian,Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian,Francesco Violante,Vasily Vlassov,Stein Vollset,Avina Vongpradith,Ana Vuković,Rade Vuković,Yasir Waheed,Madgalene Walters,Jiayu Wang,Yafeng Wang,Yuan‐Pang Wang,Joseph Ward,Alexandrea Watson,Jingkai Wei,Robert Weintraub,Daniel Weiss,Jordan Weiss,Ronny Westerman,Joanna Whisnant,Harvey Whiteford,Taweewat Wiangkham,Kirsten Wiens,Tissa Wijeratne,Lauren Wilner,Shadrach Wilson,Charles Wolfe,Eve Wool,Aimin Wu,Han Wunrow,Gelin Xu,Rixing Xu,Simon Yadgir,Seyed Jabbari,Kazumasa Yamagishi,Mousa Yaminfirooz,Yuichiro Yano,Sanni Yaya,Jamal Yearwood,Tomas Yeheyis,Yordanos Yeshitila,Paul Yip,Naohiro Yonemoto,Seok‐Jun Yoon,Javad Lebni,Mustafa Younis,Theodore Younker,Zabihollah Yousefi,Mahmoud Yousefifard,Abdilahi Yousuf,Chuanhua Yu,Hasan Yusefzadeh,Telma Moghadam,Leila Zaki,Sojib Zaman,Mohammad Zamani,Maryam Zamanian,Hamed Zandian,Alireza Zangeneh,Михаил Застрожин,Kaleab Zewdie,Yunquan Zhang,Zhi‐Jiang Zhang,Jeff Zhao,Yingxi Zhao,Maigeng Zhou,Arash Ziapour,Stephanie Zimsen,Mohsen Naghavi,Christopher Murray,Victor Aboyans,Jaimie Adelson,Cyrus Alinia,Vahid Alipour,GK Mini,Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam,Carl Antonio,Catherine Antony,Kavumpurathu Thankappan,Ismael Campos-Nonato,Tarun Gupta