Longitudinal studies measuring changes in cortical morphology over time are best facilitated by parcellation schemes compatible across all life stages. The Melbourne Children’s Regional Infant Brain (M-CRIB) and M-CRIB 2.0 atlases provide voxel-based parcellations of the cerebral cortex compatible with the Desikan-Killiany (DK) and the Desikan-Killiany-Tourville (DKT) cortical labelling schemes. However, there is still a need for a surface-based approach for parcellating neonatal images using these atlases.We introduce surface-based versions of the M-CRIB and M-CRIB 2.0 atlases, termed M-CRIB-S(DK) and M-CRIB-S(DKT), with a pipeline for automated parcellation utilizing FreeSurfer and developing Human Connectome Project (dHCP) tools.Using T 2-weighted magnetic resonance images of healthy neonates ( n = 58), we created average spherical templates of cortical curvature and sulcal depth. Manually-labelled regions in a subset ( n = 10) were encoded into the spherical template space to construct M-CRIB-S(DK) and M-CRIB-S(DKT) atlases. Labelling accuracy was assessed using Dice overlap measures and boundary discrepancy measures within a leave-one-out cross-validation framework.Cross-validated labelling accuracy was high for both atlases (average regional Dice = 0.79 - 0.83). Worst-case boundary discrepancy instances ranged from 9.96 - 10.22 mm, which appeared to be driven by variability in anatomy for particular cases.The M-CRIB-S atlases and automatic pipeline allow extraction of neonatal cortical surfaces labelled according to the DK or DKT parcellation schemes. This will facilitate surface-based investigations of brain structure at the neonatal time point. The atlases and spherical surfaces, along with customised scripts for segmentation, cortical surface extraction and parcellation, are available for public download.*   BSTS    :   Banks of the superior temporal sulcus    CAC    :   Caudal anterior cingulate    CMF    :   Caudal middle frontal    CUN    :   Cuneus    dHCP    :   developing Human Connectome Project    DK    :   Desikan-Killiany    DKT    :   Desikan-Killiany-Tourville    ENT    :   Entorhinal    FP    :   Frontal pole    FUS    :   Fusiform    INFP    :   Inferior parietal    INS    :   Insula    ISTC    :   Isthmus cingulate    IT    :   Inferior temporal    L+U    :   Labelled+Unlabelled    LIN    :   Lingual    LOCC    :   Lateral occipital    LOO    :   Leave One Out    LORB    :   Lateral orbitofrontal    M-CRIB    :   Melbourne Children’s Regional Infant Brain    M-CRIB-S    :   Surface-based Melbourne Children’s Regional Infant Brain atlas    MORB    :   Medial orbitofrontal    MRI    :   Magnetic Resonance Imaging    MT    :   Middle temporal gyrus    PARH    :   Parahippocampal    PARC    :   Paracentral lobule    POPE    :   Pars opercularis    PORB    :   Pars orbitalis    PCING    :   Posterior cingulate    PCAL    :   Pericalcarine    POSTC    :   Posterior cingulate    PCUN    :   Precuneus    PREC    :   Precentral    PTRI    :   Pars triangularis    RAC    :   Rostral anterior cingulate    RMF    :   Rostral middle frontal    SF    :   Superior frontal    SMAR    :   Supramarginal gyrus    SP    :   Superior parietal    ST    :   Superior temporal gyrus    TP    :   Temporal pole    TT    :   Transverse temporal gyrus    UNC    :   University of North Carolina    PMA    :   Post-menstrual age    LH    :   Left hemisphere    RH    :   Right hemisphere

Parcellation of the neonatal cortex using Surface-based Melbourne Children’s Regional Infant Brain atlases (M-CRIB-S)