Common polygenic variation contributes to risk of schizophrenia and bipolar disorder

Abstract

A genome-wide association study using the International Schizophrenia Consortium (ISC) data set revealed that common genetic variation underlies risk of schizophrenia. The study identified common variants within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) locus and provided molecular genetic evidence for a substantial polygenic component to risk of schizophrenia that involved thousands of common alleles of very small effect. These alleles of small effect also contribute to risk of bipolar disorder (BPD). In the second of three papers on the genetics of schizophrenia, a large genome-wide association study looking at common genetic variants underlying the risk of schizophrenia implicates the major histocompatibility complex — and thus, immunity — and provides molecular genetic evidence for a substantial polygenic component to the risk of schizophrenia. The latter involves thousands of common alleles of very small effect that also contribute to the risk of bipolar disorder. Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder with a lifetime risk of about 1%, characterized by hallucinations, delusions and cognitive deficits, with heritability estimated at up to 80%1,2. We performed a genome-wide association study of 3,322 European individuals with schizophrenia and 3,587 controls. Here we show, using two analytic approaches, the extent to which common genetic variation underlies the risk of schizophrenia. First, we implicate the major histocompatibility complex. Second, we provide molecular genetic evidence for a substantial polygenic component to the risk of schizophrenia involving thousands of common alleles of very small effect. We show that this component also contributes to the risk of bipolar disorder, but not to several non-psychiatric diseases.