Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK

Shabir Madhi,Lily Weckx,Pedro Folegatti,Parvinder Aley,Brian Gazzard,Vicky Baillie,Shaun Barnabas,Qasim Bhorat,Sagida Bibi,Carmen Briner,Paola Cicconi,Andrea Collins,Rachel Colin-Jones,Clare Cutland,Thomas Darton,Keertan Dheda,C.J. Duncan,Katherine Emary,Katie Ewer,Lee Fairlie,Saul Faust,Shuo Feng,Daniela Ferreira,Adam Finn,Anna Goodman,Catherine Green,Christopher Green,Paul Heath,Catherine Hill,Helen Hill,Ian Hirsch,Susanne Hodgson,Alane Izu,Susan Jackson,Daniel Jenkin,Carina Joe,Simon Kerridge,Anthonet Koen,Gaurav Kwatra,Rajeka Lazarus,Alison Lawrie,Alice Lelliott,Vincenzo Libri,Patrick Lillie,Raburn Mallory,Ana Mendes,Eveline Milan,Angela Minassian,Gregory Young,Hazel Morrison,Yama Mujadidi,Anusha Nana,Peter O’Reilly,Sherman Padayachee,Ana Pittella,Emma Plested,Katrina Pollock,Maheshi Ramasamy,Sarah Rhead,Alexandre Schwarzbold,Nisha Singh,Darren Smith,Rinn Song,Matthew Snape,Eduardo Sprinz,Rebecca Sutherland,Richard Tarrant,Emma Thomson,M. Török,Mark Toshner,David Turner,Johan Vekemans,Tonya Villafana,Marion Watson,Christopher Williams,Alexander Douglas,Adrian Hill,Teresa Lambe,Sarah Gilbert,Andrew Pollard,Marites Aban,Fatola Abayomi,Kushala Abeysekera,Jeremy Aboagye,Matthew Adam,Kirsty Adams,James Adamson,Yemi Adelaja,Gbadebo Adewetan,Syed Adlou,Khatija Ahmed,Yasmeen Akhalwaya,Shehnaaz Akhalwaya,A. Alcock,Aabidah Ali,Elizabeth Allen,Lauren Allen,Thamires Almeida,Mariana Alves,Fábio Amorim,Foteini Andritsou,Rachel Anslow,Matthew Appleby,Edward Arbe-Barnes,Mark Ariaans,Beatriz Arns,Laiana Arruda,Paula Azi,Lorena Azi,Gavin Babbage,Catherine Bailey,Kenneth Baker,Megan Baker,Natalie Baker,Philip Baker,Lisa Baldwin,Ioana Baleanu,Danieli Bandeira,Anna Bara,M. Barbosa,Debbie Barker,Gavin Barlow,Eleanor Barnes,Andrew Barr,Jordan Barrett,Jessica Barrett,Louise Bates,Alexander Batten,Kirsten Beadon,Emily Beales,Rebecca Beckley,Sandra Belij‐Rammerstorfer,Jonathan Bell,Duncan Bellamy,Nancy Bellei,Sue Belton,Adam Berg,Laura Bermejo,Eleanor Berrie,Lisa Berry,Daniella Berzenyi,Amy Beveridge,Kevin Bewley,Helen Bexhell,Sutika Bhikha,As’ad Bhorat,Zaheda Bhorat,Else Bijker,G. Birch,Sarah Birch,Adam Bird,Olivia Bird,Karen Bisnauthsing,Mustapha Bittaye,K. Blackstone,Luke Blackwell,Heather Bletchly,Caitlin Blundell,Samkeliso Blundell,Pritesh Bodalia,Bruno Boettger,Emma Bolam,Elena Boland,Daan Bormans,Nicola Borthwick,Francesca Bowring,Amy Boyd,Penny Bradley,Tanja Brenner,Phillip Brown,Claire Brown,Charlie Brown-O’Sullivan,S Bruce,Emily Brunt,Ruaridh Buchan,William Budd,Yusuf Bulbulia,Melanie Bull,Jamie Burbage,Hassan Burhan,A Burn,Karen Buttigieg,Nicholas Byard,Ingrid Puig,Gloria Calderón,Anna Calvert,Michelangelo Cao,Federica Cappuccini,João Cardoso,Melanie Carr,Miles Carroll,Andrew Carson‐Stevens,Yasmin Carvalho,José Carvalho,H. Casey,Paul Cashen,Thaís Ribeiro,Lucía Carratalá-Castro,Katrina Cathie,Ana Cavey,José Cerbino-Neto,Jim Chadwick,David Chapman,Sue Charlton,Irina Chelysheva,Oliver Chester,Sunder Chita,Jee-Sun Cho,Liliana Cifuentes,Elizabeth Clark,Matthew Clark,Andrea Clarke,Elizabeth Clutterbuck,Sarah Collins,Christopher Conlon,Sean Connarty,Naomi Coombes,Cushla Cooper,Rachel Cooper,Lynne Cornelissen,Tumena Corrah,Catherine Cosgrove,Tony Cox,Wendy Crocker,Sarah Crosbie,Lorraine Cullen,Dan Cullen,Danielle Cunha,Christina Cunningham,Fiona Cuthbertson,Suzete Guarda,Larissa Silva,Brad Damratoski,Zsofia Danos,Maria Dantas,Paula Darroch,Mehreen Datoo,Chandrabali Datta,Malika Davids,Sarah Davies,Hannah Davies,Elizabeth Davis,Judith Davis,John Davis,Maristela Nobrega,Lis Kalid,David Dearlove,Tesfaye Demissie,Amisha Desai,Stefania Marco,Claudio Maso,Maria Dinelli,Tanya Dinesh,Claire Docksey,Christina Dold,Tao Dong,Francesca Donnellan,Thaís Santos,Thainá Santos,Erika Santos,Naomi Douglas,Charlotte Downing,Jonathan Drake,Rachael Drake-Brockman,Kimberley Driver,Ruth Drury,Susanna Dunachie,Benjamin Durham,Lidiana Dutra,Nicholas Easom,Samuel Eck,Mandy Edwards,Nick Edwards,Omar Muhanna,Sean Elias,Michael Elmore,Marcus English,Aliasgar Esmail,Yakub Essack,Eoghan Farmer,Mutjaba Farooq,Madi Farrar,Leonard Farrugia,Beverley Faulkner,Sofiya Fedosyuk,Sally Felle,Carla Silva,Samantha Field,Richard Fisher,Amy Flaxman,James Fletcher,Hazel Fofie,Henry Fok,Karen Ford,Jamie Fowler,Pedro Fraiman,Emma Francis,Marília Franco,John Frater,M Freire,Samantha Fry,Shane Fudge,Julie Furze,Michelle Fuskova,Pablo Galian-Rubio,Eva Galiza,Harriet Garlant,Madita Gavrila,A Geddes,Karyna Gibbons,Ciaran Gilbride,Hardeep Gill,Sharon Glynn,Kerry Godwin,Karishma Gokani,Ursula Goldoni,Maria Goncalves,Isabela Gonzalez,Jayne Goodwin,Amina Goondiwala,Katherine Gordon-Quayle,Giacomo Gorini,Janet Grab,Lara Gracie,Nicola Greenwood,Johann Greffrath,Marisa Groenewald,Luigi Grossi,Gaurav Gupta,Mark Hackett,Bassam Hallis,Mainga Hamaluba,Elizabeth Hamilton,Joseph Hamlyn,Daniel Hammersley,Jane Ireland,Brama Hanumunthadu,Stephanie Harris,Clair Harris,Tara Harris,T. Harrison,Daisy Harrison,Thomas Hart,Birgit Hartnell,Shadin Hassan,John Haughney,Sophia Hawkins,Jodie Hay,Ian Head,John Henry,Macarena Herrera,David Hettle,Jennifer Hill,Gina Hodges,Elizea Horne,Mimi Hou,Catherine Houlihan,Elizabeth Howe,Nicola Howell,Jonathan Humphreys,Holly Humphries,Katrina Hurley,Coralie Huson,Angela Hyder-Wright,Catherine Hyams,Sabina Ikram,Alka Ishwarbhai,Monica Ivan,Poppy Iveson,Vidyashankara Iyer,Frederic Jackson,J. Jager,Shameem Jaumdally,Helen Jeffers,Natasha Jesudason,Bryony Jones,Kathryn Jones,Elizabeth Jones,Christopher Jones,Marianna Jorge,Aylin Jose,Amar Joshi,Eduardo Júnior,Joanne Kadziola,Reshma Kailath,Faeeza Kana,Konstantinos Karampatsas,Mwila Kasanyinga,Jade Keen,Elizabeth Kelly,Dearbhla Kelly,Debbie Kelly,Sarah Kelly,David Kerr,Renato Kfouri,Liaquat Khan,Baktash Khozoee,Sarah Kidd,Annabel Killen,Jasmin Kinch,Patrick Kinch,Lloyd King,Thomas King,Lucy Kingham,Paul Klenerman,Francesca Knapper,Julian Knight,Daniel Knott,Stanislava Koleva,Matilda Lang,Gail Lang,Colin Larkworthy,Jessica Larwood,Rebecca‐Jane Law,Erica Lazarus,Amanda Leach,Emily Lees,Nana‐Marie Lemm,Alvaro Lessa,Stephanie Leung,Yuanyuan Li,Amelia Lias,Konstantinos Liatsikos,Aline Linder,Samuel Lipworth,Shuchang Liu,Xinxue Liu,Adam Lloyd,Stephanie Lloyd,Lisa Loew,Raquel Ramon,Leandro Lora,Vicki Lowthorpe,Kléber Luz,Jonathan Macdonald,Gordon MacGregor,Meera Madhavan,David Mainwaring,Edson Makambwa,Rebecca Makinson,Mookho Malahleha,Ross Malamatsho,Garry Mallett,Kushal Mansatta,Takalani Maoko,Katlego Makgopa,Natalie Marchevsky,Spyridoula Marinou,Emma Marlow,Gabriela Marques,Paula Marriott,Richard Marshall,Julia Marshall,Flávia Martins,Masebole Masenya,Mduduzi Masilela,Shauna Masters,Moncy Mathew,Hosea Matlebjane,Kedidimetse Matshidiso,Olga Mazur,Andrea Mazzella,Hugh McCaughan,Joanne McEwan,Joanna McGlashan,Lorna McInroy,Zoe McIntyre,Daniella McLenaghan,Nicky McRobert,Steve McSwiggan,Clare Megson,Savviz Mehdipour,Wilma Meijs,Renata Mendonça,Alexander Mentzer,Neginsadat Mirtorabi,Celia Mitton,Sibusiso Mnyakeni,Fiona Moghaddas,Kgaogelo Molapo,Mothusi Moloi,Maria Moore,M. Moraes-Pinto,Mary Moran,Ella Morey,Róisín Morgans,Susan Morris,Sheila Morris,Helen Morris,Franca Morselli,Gertraud Morshead,Richard Morter,Lynelle Mottal,Andrew Moultrie,Nathifa Moya,Mushiya Mpelembue,Sibekezelo Msomi,Yvonne Mugodi,Ekta Mukhopadhyay,Jilly Muller,Alasdair Munro,Claire Munro,Sarah Murphy,Philomena Mweu,Celia Myasaki,Gurudutt Naik,Kush Naker,Eleni Nastouli,Abida Nazir,Bukekile Ndlovu,Florencia Neffa,Cecilia Njenga,Helena Noal,Andrés Noé,Geóvana Novaes,Fay Nugent,Glória Nunes,Katie O’Brien,Daniel O’Connor,Miranda Odam,Suzette Oelofse,Blanché Oguti,Victoria Olchawski,Neil Oldfield,Marianne Oliveira,Catarina Oliveira,Almero Oosthuizen,Piper Osborne,David Owen,Laurie Owen,DR Owens,Nelly Owino,Mihaela Pacurar,Brenda Paiva,Edna Palhares,Susan Palmer,S. Parkinson,Helena Parracho,Karen Parsons,Dipak Patel,Bhumika Patel,Faeezah Patel,Krishnakumure Patel,Maia Patrick-Smith,Ruth Payne,Yanchun Peng,Elizabeth Penn,Anna Pennington,Marco Álvarez,James Perring,Nicky Perry,Rubeshan Perumal,Sahir Petkar,Tricia Philip,Daniel Phillips,Jennifer Phillips,Mary Phohu,Lorinda Pickup,Sonja Pieterse,Jo Piper,Dimitra Pipini,Maximilian Plank,Joan Plessis,S. Pollard,Jennifer Pooley,Anil Pooran,Ian Poulton,Claire Powers,Faedo Presa,David Price,Vivien Price,Marcelo Primeira,Pamela Proud,Samuel Provstgaard-Morys,SM Pueschel,David Pulido,Sheena Quaid,Ria Rabara,Alexandra Radford,Kajal Radia,Durga Rajapaska,Thurkka Rajeswaran,Alberto Ramos,Fernando Lopez,Tommy Rampling,Jade Rand,Helen Ratcliffe,Tom Rawlinson,David Rea,Byron Rees,Jesús Reiné,Mila Resuello-Dauti,Emilia Pabon,Carla Ribiero,Marivic Ricamara,Alex Richter,Neil Ritchie,Adam Ritchie,Alexander Robbins,Hannah Roberts,Ryan Robinson,Hannah Robinson,Talita Rocchetti,Beatriz Rocha,Sophie Roche,Christine Rollier,Louisa Rose,Amy Russell,Lindie Rossouw,Simon Royal,Indra Rudiansyah,Sarah Ruiz,Stephen Saich,Claudia Sala,Jessica Sale,Ahmed Salman,Natalia Salvador,Stephannie Salvador,Milla Sampaio,Annette Samson,Amada Sanchez-Gonzalez,Helen Sanders,Katherine Sanders,Mayara Guerra,Iman Satti,Jack Saunders,Caroline Saunders,Aakifah Sayed,Ina Loeff,Annina Schmid,Ella Schofield,Gavin Screaton,Samiullah Seddiqi,Rameswara Segireddy,Roberta Senger,Sergio Serrano,Rajiv Shah,Imam Shaik,Hannah Sharpe,Katherine Sharrocks,R. Shaw,Adam Shea,Amy Shepherd,James Shepherd,Farah Tahmasebi,Emad Sidhom,Sarah Silk,Antonio Moraes,Gilberto Silva‐Junior,Laura Silva-Reyes,Anderson Silveira,Mariana Silveira,Joydeep Sinha,Donal Skelly,Daniel Smith,N Smith,Harry Smith,David Smith,Catherine Smith,Airanuedida Soares,Tiago Soares,Carla Solórzano,Guilherme Sorio,Kim Sorley,Tiffany Sosa-Rodriguez,Cintya Souza,Bruno Souza,Alessandra Souza,Alexandra Spencer,Fernanda Spina,Louise Spoors,Lizzie Stafford,Imogen Stamford,Igor Starinskij,Ricardo Stein,James Steven,Lisa Stockdale,Lisa Stockwell,Louise Strickland,Arabella Stuart,Ann Sturdy,Natalina Sutton,Anna Szigeti,Abdessamad Tahiri‐Alaoui,Rachel Tanner,Carol Taoushanis,Alexander Tarr,Keja Taylor,Ursula Taylor,Brian Angus,Justin Taylor,Rebecca Naudé,Yrene Themistocleous,Andreas Themistocleous,Merin Thomas,Kelly Thomas,Tonia Thomas,Asha Thombrayil,Fawziyah Thompson,Amber Thompson,Kevin Thompson,Ameeka Thompson,Julia Thomson,Vivien Thornton-Jones,Patrick Tighe,Lygia Tinoco,Gerlynn Tiongson,Bonolo Tladinyane,Michele Tomasicchio,Adriana Tomić,Susan Tonks,James Towner,Nguyen Tran,Julia Tree,Gerry Trillana,Charlotte Trinham,Rose Trivett,Adam Truby,Betty Tsheko,Aadil Turabi,Richard Turner,Cheryl Turner,Marta Ulaszewska,Benjamin Underwood,Rachel Varughese,Dennis Verbart,Marije Verheul,Iason Vichos,Taiane Vieira,Claire Waddington,Laura Walker,Erica Wallis,Matthew Wand,Deborah Warbick,T. Wardell,George Warimwe,Sarah Warren,Bridget Watkins,Ekaterina Watson,Stewart Webb,Alice Webb-Bridges,Angela Webster,Jessica Welch,J. Wells,Adrian West,Caroline White,Rachel White,Paul Williams,Rebecca Winslow,Mark Woodyer,Andrew Worth,Daniel Wright,Marzena Wroblewska,Andy Yao,Rafael Zimmer,Dalila Zizi,Peter Zuidewind,Christopher Duncan,Luzhao Feng,Alastair McGregor,Kushala Abeyskera,Saajida Akhalwaya